Scroll Gama
Scroll Gama
Kochi: The Queen of the Arabian SeaSANJAI VELAYUDHAN Introduction: Kochi also known by its anglicized name Cochin is located in Kerala, the southern State in India. It is the second largest city in Kerala after the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. It is located in the district of Ernakulam and about 220 kilometers (137 miles) far from the capital. With the largest urban agglomeration in the state, the city has always been one of the principal seaports of the country. Heralded as the Queen of Arabian Sea, Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the Arabian Sea coast since the 14th century. Kochi merchants began trading in spices such as black pepper and cardamom more than 600 years ago. In many ancient scriptures and history books based on Kochi, one finds that ancient travelers and tradesmen frequented the city from time immemorial including the Arabs, British, Chinese, Dutch, and Portuguese, who came here mainly for the purpose of trade have left indelible marks on the history and development of Cochin. Many of these groups went on to reside in the city for sometime before migrating away to other lands. Kochi thus has been a cultural melting pot due to successive waves of migration both within India and from outside over the course of several millennia. The pan-Indian nature is highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities from different parts of the country and many people including Anglo-Indians who are products of cross-breeding with foreigners. The city once had a large Jewish community, known as the Malabar Yehuden—and now referred to as Cochin Jews. The nos. of this group has dwindled and the foreign blood has been substantially diluted with local marriages. Retaining the Jewish knack for business, this group has figured prominently in Kochi's business and economic strata. Over the years, Cochin has emerged as the commercial and industrial capital of Kerala and is perhaps the second most important city on the west coast of India (after Mumbai). Cochin has a world class port and international airport that links it to many major cities worldwide. Its strategic importance over the centuries is underlined by the reference-Gateway to Kerala. Kochi is a prosperous city and also known as the financial capital of Kerala. Surrounded by the Western Ghats on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west, it is a breathtakingly beautiful and scenic land. Kochi one of the best places to travel and it also boasts of hundreds of islands, some even uninhabited. This important and beautiful port city been rated as the top three tourist destinations by the World Travel & Tourism Council and featured in National Geographic Traveler's '50 greatest places of a lifetime'. Kochi has a lot of remnants from the past still clinging on. As European a city as one can find in India, it has Fort Cochin built by the Portuguese on an island offshore that seems to be pulled straight out of the 16th century with narrow, winding, canal-lined streets, 500 year-old Portuguese houses, cantilevered Chinese fishing nets lining the northwest shore of the island, a 16th century synagogue surrounded by 'Jew Town,' which was once home to the flourishing Indian Jewish population, the oldest church in India and a palace that was built by the Portuguese, renovated by the Dutch, and eventually was given to the Indian Raja of Cochin. The most famous symbol of Kochi is the row of Chinese fishing nets at the mouth of the harbor leading to the Arabian Sea in Fort Kochi, the oldest part of the city. In Ernakulam, where modernity has ushered in skyscrapers and shopping malls, the old quarter -- the Fort Kochi area and Mattancherry area -- maintains a colonial air and has building that have been designated as a part of Kochi’s heritage . Vasco House in Fort Kochi located on Rose Street, is believed to be one of the oldest Portuguese houses in India. Vasco da Gama is believed to have lived here. This house features European glass paned windows and verandahs. Da Gama reached India in the autumn of 1524, but he died in Kochi only three months after his arrival. Even in death, Da Gama remained a traveller. Though his remains were removed from Kochi and buried in Goa, it was subsequently removed and sent to Portugal to be interred in the Church of Vidigueira. However, the coffin remained there until 1880, and it was finally transferred to a marble sepulcher in the church of the Monastery of the Jerónimos at Belém, outside Lisbon. Kochi had the honour of hosting the great explorer-colonist and the fact that his final exploration of another world began here associated the city with him forever. Despite the forward march of modernity, the city retains its distinct colonial heritage and is a lovely blend of tradition and modernity. Etymology: Etymologically, many theories exist pertaining how Kochi derived its name. Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi in their writings, variously alluding to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, and Cochi. According to some accounts, traders from the court of the Chinese ruler Kublai Khan gave Cochin the name of their homeland. The Chinese connection seem to obvious from the trademark fishing nets prevalent in the area known as china-vala or Chinese nets. Another theory is that Kochi is derived from the word Kachi meaning 'harbor'. Accounts by Italian explorers Nicolo Conti (15th century), and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi, named after the river connecting the backwaters to the sea. After the arrival of the Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation. The city reverted to a closer Anglicization of its original Malayalam name, Kochi, in 1996. However, it is still widely referred to as Cochin, with the city corporation retaining its name as Corporation of Cochin. Geography: Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India at 9°58?N 76°13?E? / ?9.967°N 76.217°E? / 9.967; 76.217, spanning an area of 94.88 square kilometers (36.63 sq mi). The city is situated at the northern end of a peninsula, about 19 kilometers (12 mi) long and less than one mile (1.6 km) wide. To the west lies the Arabian Sea, and to the east are estuaries drained by perennial rivers originating in the Western Ghats. Much of Kochi lies at sea level, with a coastline of 48 km. This lovely seaside city is flanked by the Western Ghats on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. Its proximity to the equator, the sea and the mountains provide a rich experience of a moderate equatorial climate. It is separated into numerous distinct areas particularly close to each other. These include the mainland areas of Ernakulam City (where the train stations to the rest of India leave and arrive), Willingdon Island, Fort Kochi (the primary tourist enclave), Mattancherry, Kumbalangi and outlying islands. These distinct neighborhoods arose as the result of a mixed past. Brief History: The port city of Kochi has a very colorful and rich history. The city occupies a very strategic position geographically, being flanked by the Western Ghats on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. Cochin's trade links with Chinese and the Arabs is reputed to be at least 2000 years old. Christianity in this city dates back to the apostle Thomas, who, as tradition holds and evidence suggests, landed in India in AD 54 to spread the Gospel. Kochi was the centre of Indian spice trade for many centuries, and was known to the Yavanas (Greeks) as well as Romans, Jews, Arabs, and Chinese since ancient times. The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng He's treasure fleet. There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Kochi in 1440. It may be said to have originated as an important port in 1341 AD when the flooded Periyar River destroyed a world-renowned port, at Kodungallur, just north of Cochin and created an all-new harbor in Cochin, which is today one of the finest natural harbors on the West coast of India. Cochin's busy port assumed a new strategic importance and began to experience commercial prosperity after the flood. The Portuguese penetrated the Indian Ocean in the late 15th century. Vasco da Gama, discoverer of the sea route to India, established the first Portuguese factory (trading station) there in 1502, and the Portuguese viceroy Afonso de Albuquerque built the first European fort in India there in 1503. It was the first European fort in India. The British settled here in 1635 but were forced out by Dutch in 1663, under whom the town became an important trade center. It came under the sovereignty of Haider Ali, the militant prince of Mysore in 1776, but was surrendered by his son Tipu Sahib to the British in 1791. There is also evidence pointing to the presence of Jews since at least AD 388. Legend holds that the Jews first settled in India during the time of King Solomon, when there was trade in teak, ivory, spices and peacocks between the Land of Israel and the Malabar Coast, where Cochin is located. Others put their arrival at the time of the Assyrian exile in 722 BC, the Babylonian exile in 586 BC or after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 BC. No reliable evidence exists, but most contemporary scholars fix the date at some time during the early middle Ages. The earliest documentation of permanent Jewish settlements is on two copper plates now stored in Cochin's main synagogue. Engraved in the ancient Tamil language, they detail the privileges granted a certain Joseph Rabban by Bhaskara Ravi Varma, the fourth-century Hindu ruler of Malabar. The earliest account of Kochi is derived from the records made by the Chinese traveler, Ma Huan. Even in other documents belonging from the same period, the account of Cochin history prior to the Portuguese rule is quite vague. As per the available information, the city gained its reputation of being a port city only after the collapse of the Kulashekhara kingdom. In 1102 CE, Kochi became the seat of the Kingdom of Cochin, a princely state which traces its lineage to the Kulashekhara Empire. According to many historians, it came into existence in 1102, after the fall of the Kulashekhara Empire. The King of Kochi had authority over the region encompassing the present city of Kochi and adjoining areas. The reign was hereditary, and the family that ruled over Kochi was known as the Cochin Royal Family (Perumpadappu Swaroopam in the local vernacular). The mainland Kochi remained the capital of the princely state since the 18th century. However, during much of this time, the kingdom was under foreign rule, and the King often only had titular privileges. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Fort Kochi was the first European colonial settlement in India. It remained the capital of Portuguese India until 1530, till they opted for Goa as their capital. This Portuguese period was a harrowing time for the Jews living in the region, as the Inquisition was active in Portuguese India. The time during which Cochin was under the Portuguese rule is very interesting. It is said admiral, Pedro Cabral was sent by the Portuguese king to set up a factory at the city. The Raja of Cochin succumbed to the demand of the admiral predominantly to negate the Zamorins who ruled the Malabar region. Zamorins were the dominant power in the region and was constantly breathing down the neck of the King of Raja for political influence within the Kochi Kingdom. With the arrival of Vasco Da Gama, peace was made with the Zamorins after which the Portuguese built Fort Manuel to protect their factory from any sort of attack. Once the Portuguese shifted their capital to Goa, their strategic intent shifted from Kerala and was centered on it.
The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch, who had allied with the Zamorins in order to conquer Kochi. The Dutch rule over Cochin lasted from 1663 to 1795. They defeated the Portuguese and disposed the Cochin Raja. After landing confidently at Njarakal, they went on to seize the Pallipuram fort, which they later gave to the Zamorins. Cochin prospered under the Dutch rule by shipping pepper, cardamom and other spices, coir, coconut, and copper. In between by 1773, Kochi has slipped into the hands of the Mysore King Hyder Ali extended his conquest in the Malabar region and briefly forced Kochi to become a tributary of Mysore. Later the authority was recaptured by the Dutch. They fearing an outbreak of war on the United Provinces signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 with the United Kingdom, under which Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Bangka. However, there are evidences of English habitation in the region even prior to the signing of the treaty. The port city of Cochin had become highly developed during the time of the British rule in India In 1866, Fort Kochi became a municipality, and its first Municipal Council election was conducted in 1883. The Maharaja of Cochin, who ruled under the British, in 1896, initiated local administration by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. Conclusion: Many written accounts clearly state that Cochin was invaded by foreigners and colonized many times. The king remained the titular head. The pungent smell of pepper and fragrances of other spices beckoned the invaders. The intra-struggles between the dominant powers of Kerala resulted in the weakening of its politico-military institutions and resulted in the dominance by the colonial powers. Religion was also liberally used to consolidate colonial hold resulting in numerous conversions primarily by the European powers and to Islam by Haider Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. These conversions resulted in a fragmentation of the native mind and this enabled the erstwhile powers to continue their exploitation of the natural resources of the state as well as its manpower. Contemporary Kochi: In 1949, Travancore-Cochin state came into being with the merger of the erstwhile Cochin and Travancore states. Travancore-Cochin was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State. Finally, the Government of India's States Re-organisation Act (1956) inaugurated a new state — Kerala — incorporating Travancore-Cochin (excluding the four southern Taluks (smaller administrative unit) which were merged with the contemporary state of Tamil Nadu), Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasaragode, South Kanara. On 1 November 1967, exactly eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala, the corporation of Cochin came into existence. The merger leading to the establishment of the corporation, was between the municipalities of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the Willingdon Island, four panchayats (Palluruthy, Vennala, Vyttila and Edappally), and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth. A growing centre of shipping industries, international trade, and tourism and information technology, Kochi is the commercial hub of Kerala, and one of the fastest growing second-tier metros in India. Kochi’s economic growth was accelerated after the introduction of economic reforms in India by the central government in the mid-1990s. Since 2000, the service sector has revitalized the city’s stagnant economy. The establishment of several industrial parks based on Information technology (IT) and other port based infrastructure triggered a construction and realty boom in the city. Over the years, Kochi has witnessed rapid commercialization, and has today grown into the commercial capital of Kerala. Kochi is now a major destination for IT and ITES companies, ranked by NASSCOM as the second-most attractive city in India for IT-based services. Availability of cheap bandwidth through undersea cables and lower operational costs compared to other major cities in India has been turned to its advantage. Various technology and industrial campuses including the government promoted Info Park, Cochin Special Economic Zone and KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park operate in the outskirts of the city.
Kochi is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command, the primary training centre of the Indian Navy. The Cochin Shipyard in Kochi is the largest shipbuilding facility in India. The Cochin fishing harbor, located at Thoppumpady is a major fishing port in the state and supplies fish to local and export markets. To further tap the potential of the all-season deep-water harbor at Kochi, an international cruise terminal and several marinas are being constructed. Exports and allied activities continue to be important contributors to the city's economy. Kochi's historical reliance on trade continues into modern times, as the city is a major exporter of spices and is home to the International Pepper Exchange, where black pepper is globally traded. The Spices Board of India is also headquartered in Kochi. The Cochin Port currently handles export and import of container cargo at its terminal at the Willingdon Island. A new international container transshipment terminal—the first in the country—is being commissioned at Vallarpadam, which is expected to be play a vital role in India’s economic aspirations. Kochi also has an oil refinery—the Kochi Refineries (BPCL) at Ambalamugal. Central Government establishments like the Coconut Development Board, the Coir Board and the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city. Highlights of Kochi: Willingdon Island: Towards the early 20th century, trade at the Kochi port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port became necessary. The English harbor engineer Robert Bristow was brought to Kochi in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of Madras. In a span of 21 years, he transformed Kochi as one of the safest harbors in the peninsula. This man-made island was created in 1933 by sand dredged while deepening the backwaters for the Cochin Port, under the direction of Sir Robert Bristow. A while back the Airport, Sea port and the railway terminus (Cochin Harbor Terminus) were situated on this island. Today, it is the home of the Cochin Port and the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command. Marine Drive: A stroll along the long tree-lined coastal pathway that lines the backwater is well worth the time spent, especially late afternoon or dusk. The bustling backwaters, dotted with fishing boats, speedboats, ships, tankers and passenger boats, can be observed from this walkway that lines the coast. The greatest pleasure is to stand and watch when the monsoon lashes Kerala-it’s a awesome sight by itself. Cherai Beach: This lovely beach ideal for swimming is located on the north end of Vypeen island, one of the many small islands just off the mainland. The beach is lined by gorgeous coconut groves and paddy fields. Vypeen can be reached by land or by boat. Parikshith Thampuran Museum: The Kings of Cochin used to conduct their durbars (grand banquets) in this impressive building located within the Durbar Hall grounds. It was later converted to a museum which has a treasure trove of archaeological findings and relics including old coins, sculptures, oil paintings and murals. The building has been taken over by the Kerala Lalitha Kala Academy and now houses the Gallery of Contemporary Art. All the royal exhibits of the museum have been moved to the Hill Palace museum. Museum of Kerala History, Kalamassery: The museum takes visitors mainly through the anthropological and cultural history of the geographical unit called Kerala. In line with modern techniques, it has on display spectacular audio-visual exhibits depicting the history and culture of Kerala along with many life size statues of ancient tribal people, famous personalities and several paintings depicting Kerala history. To understand Kerala, a visit to this museum is a must. Palliport (Pallipuram) Fort: The first and the oldest surviving European fort in India, built by the Portuguese in 1503. It is situated in Pallipuram on Vypeen Island. Hill Palace, Tripunithura: Built in the 19th century by the Raja of Kochi, this palace served as the seat of the Raja of the Kochi province. The palace has been converted into a museum displaying a fine collection of royal articles displaying the wealth and splendour of the Rajas of Kochi, including the throne and the crown. The museum also houses a large collection of archaeological findings. Hill Palace is located 16km east of Cochin in Tripunithura, a satellite town of Cochin. Bolghatty Palace located on the Bolghatty Island: This Dutch palace is situated on Bolghatty Island is just a short boat ride away from the mainland. The palace has been converted to a hotel run by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC). The island has a tiny golf course and the panoramic views of the port and the harbor, makes it an attractive picnic spot. Frequent boat service is available from the mainland. Dutch Palace (Mattancherry Palace), Mattancherry: The erroneously named Dutch Palace was originally built by the Portuguese. Later, in 17th century, the Dutch modified it and presented it to the Raja of Kochi thus usurping its ownership. Coronation of many Rajas of Kochi used to be held here. The palace has a fine collection of mural paintings depicting scenes from the Hindu epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. The palace is located in Mattancherry. Jewish Synagogue and Jew Town, Mattancherry: The synagogue, built in 1568, is magnificently decorated by Chinese tiles and Belgian chandeliers. This is a small yet beautiful building. Giant scrolls of the Old Testament can be found here. It is located near the Dutch Palace in Mattancherry. The local markets nearby sell beautiful trinkets and the famous Kerala lock-Manichitrathazu. Santa Cruz Basilica, Fort Kochi: The original church, situated in Fort Kochi, was built by the Portuguese in 1505 and named as a cathedral in 1558. The British colonists destroyed the cathedral in 1795. The current structure was built in 1905 and raised to the status of a basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1984. St. Francis Church, Fort Kochi: It is the oldest church built by Europeans in India. On his 3rd visit to Kerala, Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese trader who reached India from Europe by sea, fell ill and died in Kochi. He was buried in this Church till his remains were taken back to Goa for burial on the way to his final resting place in Portugal. In spite of the removal, his burial spot inside the church has been clearly marked out. © Sanjai Velayudhan. Endnote: The author would like your feedback-both bouquets & brickbats. Write to me- sanjai.velayudhan@gmail.com.
About the Author A behavioural trainer by education and a loyalty specialist by profession. Sanjai has PG qualifications in Training and performance management from CLMS, University of Leicester. Sanjai is a compulsive writer and has recently chosen article base to put his thoughts together. For select whitepapers on loyalty, please visit: He is currently working on two articles for publication on Goa & Kerala. Will be published in a couple of visits. |
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Kerala Backwaters
Kerala Backwaters
Kerala is known for its panoramic backwater stretches, lush green paddy fields, highlands and beaches. The major backwater stretch is in Kottayam district, where a network of rivers and canals empty into the great expanse of water called the Vembanad Lake. Located at Kumarakom 16 km from Kottayam town, the Vembanad Lake, an enchanting picnic spot and a fast developing backwater tourism destination, provides boating, fishing and sightseeing experiences that are truly exhilarating.
Kumarakom slumbers on the banks of the famous Vembanad Lake. The Vembanad Lake with its majestic canals, streams and distributaries along its banks weave an intricate and enchantingly beautiful web. The gorgeous green of the fringed palms ripple in the blue waters and blend into wavelets.
The entire state of Kerala is blessed with plenty of rivers and the resources of many are still untapped. The waterways of Kerala play a main role in the eonomy of the state, links remote villages and islands with the main land. The water ways provide a cheap and economical mode of transport. It is incredibly different experience to cruise in the backwaters in the country boats, absorbing the beauty of Kerala Villages.The scenery flashes up vivid contrasts of breathptaking greens and deep blues.
The backwaters of Kerala have a unique ecosystem-freshwater from the rives meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea in the backwaters in Kerala. Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters and cormorants and animals such as otters and turtles live in and alongside the backwaters in Kerala. Palm trees, pandanus shrubs, various leafy plants and bushes grow alongside the Kerala backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape. You can see the amazing flora and fauna of the backwaters in Kerala, while on Kerala tours with Kerala Backwater.
Cochin Backwaters
The backwaters of Kerala have a unique ecosystem-freshwater from the rives meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea in the backwaters in Kerala. Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters and cormorants and animals such as otters and turtles live in and alongside the backwaters in Kerala. Palm trees, pandanus shrubs, various leafy plants and bushes grow alongside the Kerala backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape. You can see the amazing flora and fauna of the backwaters in Kerala, while on Kerala tours with Kerala Backwater.
Kumarakom Backwaters
Kerala is known for its Panoramic backwater stretches, lush green paddy fields, highlands and beaches. The major backwater stretch is in Kottayam district, where a network of rivers and canals empty into the great expanse of water called the Vembanad lake. Located at Kumarakom 16 km from Kottayam town, the Vembanad lake, an enchanting picnic spot and a fast developing backwater tourism destination, provides boating, fishing and sightseeing experiences that are truly exhilarating. The Kumarakom Tourist Village offers houseboat cruises and holiday packages
Kumarakom slumbers on the banks of the famous Vembanad Lake, which is a part of Kuttanad. The Vembanad Lake with its majestic canals, streams and distributaries along its banks weave an intricate and enchantingly beautiful web. The gorgeous green of the fringed palms ripple in the blue waters and blend into wavelets.
Alleppey Backwaters
Alleppey one of the best-known ports along the cost of Malabar, is often reffered to as the ‘Venice of the East’. Alleppey or Alappuzha has the peculiar geographical feature of having the water in level with the land. This gives the advantage of getting a closer look at the village life on shore while on a backwater ride. Sailing along in a houseboat ‘Kettuvallam’ through the enchanting backwaters of Aleppey is sure to rob your heart. Palm fringed narrow canals winding through the vast expanse of paddy fields and the neat tiny hamlets lined up along either sides of the canals are sights one can never forget .One can glimpse Chinese fishing nets, flocks of ducks swimming around the banks and tiny birds flying across the sky. It is as close as one can get to feel the vibrant life in the countryside of God’s own country.The most intresting area in the backwaters is the Kuttanad region.
Kuttanad is called the rice bowl of Kerala, because of her wealth of paddy crops is at the very heart of the backwaters. Yams and cassava which accompany the rice bowl as “side dishes”. This is the one of the places in the world where farming is done below sea level. Inland waterways that flowabove the land level is an amazing feature of this land. Kuttanad is the heart of the backwaters of Kerala. This beautiful countryside with its waterways also has a rich crop of banana, Cassava and Yam. Alleppey has a large network of canals and is the centre for backwater cruises in Kerala. Alleppey (Alappuzha ) is famous for its boat races, houseboats, coir products, fish and lakes. Alleppey remains prominent on the tourist trial of Kerala as one of the major centers for backwater boat trips.
Kollam Backwaters
Kollam previously known as Quilon in Kerala, is an ancient port located on the edge of the Ashthamudi Lake. Traders visited Kollam in ancient times from lands as far away as Phoenicia, Arabia, Greece, Rome and China. In more recent times the Portuguese established a trading post at Kollam, after which the Dutch and British set up their factories to export spices, sandalwood, ivory and coir. Kollam is also a beautiful destination and a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. You can see the tourist attractions of Kollam on Kerala tours with Kerala backwater. Kollam is an important center of the cashew nut processing and trading industry. There are also some important historical buildings and temples that tourists can see on tours of Kollam with Kerala backwater. The most noticeable feature in Kollam is the Ashthamudi Lake, which covers around 30% of Kollam town. The Backwaters around Kollam, which extend from the Ashthamudi Lake, are exceedingly beautiful.
The historic Thangasseri Fort is near Kollam. The ruins of a Portuguese Fort and churches that were constructed in the 18T century, Thangasseri is a remnant of the historic Portuguese presence in Kerala. The 144 feet high light house at Thangasseri is open to visitors and provides fabulous views of the sea and the cost of Kollam in Kerala. See the attractions of Kollam on tours of Kollam while on Kerala tours with Kerala backwater.
Kerala Tourist Destinations
Cochin
KOCHI (COCHIN) – ‘Queen of the Arabian Sea’
Cochin is a vibrant city situated on the south-west coast of the Indian Peninsula, in the breathtakingly scenic and prosperous state of Kerala, dubbed ‘God’s own Country’. Its strategic importance over the centuries is underlined by the sobriquet Queen of the Arabian Sea. Informally, Cochin is also referred to as the Gateway to Kerala.
From time immemorial, the Arabs, British, Chinese, Dutch, and the Portuguese have left indelible marks on the history and development of Cochin. Over the years, Cochin has emerged as the commercial and industrial capital of Kerala and is perhaps the second most important city on the west coast of India (after Mumbai/Bombay). Cochin is proud of its world class port and international airport that link it to many major cities worldwide. Kochi (Cochin), situated on the west coast of India in the beautiful state of Kerala. It is flanked by the Arabian Sea on the western side and the Western Ghats on the eastern side.
Cochin is one of the finest harbours of Kerala and is quiet famous as the commercial hub. Discovery the beauty of Cochin city as you enter and explore the many faceted of the city. The city host a number of attractions that will surely entice you.
Sightseeing places in cochin
Mattancherry Palace
It is also known as Dutch Palace, built by the Portuguese and presented to the Raja of Kochi in the 1555 A.D. It acquired the present name after 1663 when the Dutch carried out extensions and repairs in the palace. Its interiors are decorated with murals from the Ramayana and there are some lively displays of the royal costumes and palanquins.
Jewish Synagogue
Situated in Mattancherry the Synagogue was built in 1568 A.D. The Great Scrolls of the Old Testament, the copper plates in which the grants of the privilege made by the Kochi rulers were recorded and the exquisite Chinese hand-painted tiled are of interest.
ST. Francis Church
Located at Fort Kochi this Protestant church was originally built by the Portuguese in 1510 A.D. and is believed to be the oldest church built by the Europeans in India. It is here the remains of the inveterate traveller, Vascoda Gama were initially buried and 14 years later his mortal remains were taken to Portugal.
Bolgatty Palace
Bolgatty palace is situated in Bolgatty Island a narrow palm-fringed Island easily accessible from the mainland. The palace was built by the Dutch in 1744. Later it became the seat of the British Resident and today this has been converted into a hotel run by KTDC.
Hill Palace Museum Tripunithura
Hill Palace Museum is situated 12km away from Eranakulam on the Eranakulam Chottanikkara route. Different type of sculptures, collection of rare coins, old weapons, manuscripts in ancient scripts and collection from Kochi Royal Family are exhibited here. Tourist may also visit the Deer Park situated there. Horse riding facility is also available. The Parishith Tampuran Museum situated at the Durbar Hall Ground together with its collection were transferred to Hill Palace Museum in 1997.
Willingdon Island
A manmade island created from the material dredged while deeping Kochi Port. Situated between the main land Eranakulam and the old town Mattancherry separated by the backwaters. Willingdon Island is an important part of Kochi. The Govt. of India Tourist Office, the Southern Naval Command Headquarters the Seaport, Naval Airport, Railway terminus, Customs House, Kochi Port Office etc. are all located in this island.
Cherai Beach
Cherai beach is 35kms from Cochin. Located 45kms from Eranakulam city, the Cherai beach boarders Vypin Island. This beautiful beach is stundded with sea shells of various hues and shapes. The nearby village gives you glimpses of rural Kerala and Cherai’s main industry –prawn farming. This lovely beach is ideal for swimming. Dolphins are occasionally seen here. A typical Kerala village with paddy fields and coconut groves nearby is an added attraction of this beach. A very quiet beach, Cherai is well known for sea food and country wine.
Munnar
Breathtakingly beautiful –heaven of peace and tranquillity –the idyllic tourist destination in God’s own country. Set at an altitude of 6000 ft. in Idukki district, Munnar was the favoured summer resort of the erstwhile British rulers in the colonial days. Unending expanse of tea plantation – pristine valleys and mountains exotic species of flora and fauna in its wild sanctuaries and forests – aroma of spice scented cool air- yes! Munnar has all these and more. It’s the place you would love to visit- it’s the place you would wish never to leave- so welcome Munnar.
One of the most popular hill stations in India, Munnar is situated at the confluence of three mountain streams- Mudrapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundala. Located at 1600mts above the sea level, this was once the summer resort of the erstwhile British Government in South India. Sprawling tea plantations, picture book towns, winding lanes, trekking and holiday facilities make Munnar a unique experience.
Places to Visit in Munnar
Mattupetty , Kundala, Eco Point, Top Station, Devilulam , Lock Heart Gap , Rajamala, Anayirankal Dam, Eravikulam National Park.
Thekkady
Thekkady is one of the finest wildlife reserves in India. Thekkady Wild Life Sanctuary is located in Idukki in the beautiful and picturesque state of Kerala. Its about 160 miles from Thiruvananthapuram and is near the Kerala- Tamil Nadu border.It lies on the Western Ghats and is approximately 4000-5000 ft above sea level.
One can see deers, monkeys, tigers, herds of elephants and other exotic flora fauna here.A boat ride in the lake surrounding the sanctuary gives one an opportunity to see the animals. This lake is unique in the sense it is manmade and one can see partially submerged tree-trunks in the lake. For the more adventurous, trekking into the jungle would be an exciting thing to do.
There are regular bus services from major towns and cities in Kerala to Thekkady.
Kumarakom
On the shores of the enchanting Vembanad Lake,14km from kottayam , lies kumarakom a small-town. The most interesting area in the backwaters is the “ kuttanad region” called the rice bowl of Kerala. Kumarakom is just one little village in this region on the banks of the beautiful Vembanad Lake. The village of Kumarakom is a cluster of little islands on the Vembanad Lake, and is a part of Kuttanad region. The bird snctury in Kumarakom is spread across 14 acres is a favourite haunt of migratory birds and an anornithologist’s paradise. Egrets, darters, herons, teal, waterfowl, cukoo, wild duck and migratory birds like the Siberian Stork that live in flocks, in Kumarakom, are a fascination for visitors. The best way to watch the birds of the Kumarakom sanctuary is a boat trip round the islands. An enchanting backwater destination, Kumarakom offers visitors many other leisure options. Boating and fishing facilities are available in Kumarakom.
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
Location:16 km away fromKottayam town,central Kerala. Tourist season:Between June and August. The village of Kumarakom is a cluster of little islands on the Vembanad Lake,and is part of Kuttanad region. The bird sanctuary here, which is spread across 14 acreas is a faviourite haunt of migratory birds and ornithologist’s paradise. Egrets, dartes, herons, teal, waterfowl, cuckoo, wild ducks and migratory birds like the Siberian stork that live here in flocks are a fascination for visitors. The best way to watch the birds of the Kumarakom sanctuary is a boat trip round the islands. An enchanting backwater destination, Kumarakom offers visitors many other leisure options. Boating and fishing facilities are available at Taj Garden Retreat, a sprawling old bungalow- turned-resort. The Kumarakom Tourist Village Complex of the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation has independent cottages built on stills, set among coconut and banana plantations. Holiday packages on the houseboats,traditional Kettuvallams, are an out- of – this-world experience.
Kumarakom is well linked by Air Rail and Road network. The nearest Airport from Kumarakom is the Cochin International Airport, which is 70 kms. Away from the Muhamma boat jetty. The Trivandrum Intenational Airport is 171 kms away from Kumarakom. The nearest Railway Station from Kumarakom is at Kottayam and regular local and Express trains connect the city with rest of India. Kottayam is 14 km from Kumarakom and both State highway and National Highway links Kumarakom with the rest of the country.
Vagamon
It is a very ideal tourist spot surrounded by the greenery of tea gardens, beautiful meadows, deep puzzling valleys and dales.The enchanting hill station dotted with tea gardens will soon be one of India’s foremost eco tourism projects. All the trekking enthusiasts will enjoy climbing this 1100 meters tall hill. This tourist place also has to offer Thangal Para, the Indo-Swiss projects and Kurishumala Ashram. Welcome to a land which would make you come back again and again. So that you could rejuvenate yourself and cherish memories of enchanting beautiful land.
Grass covered hills, velvet lawns and the cool mountain make Vagamon a perfect holiday retreat. A curious blend of religious mysticism and European legacies, this hillside village is a heaven of tranquillity. The chain of three hills-Thangal Hill, Murugan Hill and Kurishumala is a mark of religious harmony.The dairy farm managed by the Kurishumala monks is worth a visit.
If you have not been to Vagamon you have not seen Gods Own Country. Vagamon provides unlimited holidaying fantasies round the year, except with the season being slightly off during the monsoons.Vagamon the final word in your holiday options,provides unlimited holidaying fantasies round the year,except with the season being slightly off during the monsoons.A land which would make a person come again and again, so that you could rejuvenate yourself and cherish memories of this enchanting beautiful land. The breeding centre of Kerala. Live stock board is located here.
Alleppey
ALAPPUZHA(The Venice Of The East)
To label Alappuzha (The Malayalam Name For Alleppey) The “Venice of the East” might today appear a far-etched cliché of travelogue writers, but this quaint little town is certainly the Venice of India. Nowhere else will you find , spread out across the centre of town, a unique crisscrossing network of canals on which that covered country boats punt along leisurely. The proximity of lakes adds to the Venetian ambience. For tourists Alappuzha is the pivotal point for trips into Kerala’s famed backwaters and the state’s lush rice bowl, Kuttanad,between Kollam to the South and Kottayam to the east lie some of the most entrancing scenary of palm-linked banks, quiet water-bound villages and little boats taking the local people to and fro-everything framed in green. A singular characteristic of this land is the region called Kuttanad. The rice bowl of Kerala Kuttanad is perhaps the only place in the world where farming is done below sea level. Apart from the boat trips through the town’s many canals and lakes,and the Mullackal Bhagavathi Temple in the heart of town, Alappuzha offers glimpses of the coir manufacturing process- from the coconut husk to the final rope/coir yarn stage. There are also several shops selling coir matting and carpets often at prices cheaper than elsewhere. The long sandy beach at Alappuzha has a light house and a pier jutting out into the sea,once active in the unloading of goods from ships calling at Alappuzha. Children can romp in the Vijay Beach Park. The not-to-be-missed spectacle in Alappuzha is of course the Nehru Trophy Boat Race which began in 1952 on the occasion of the visit of India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to Alappuzha.It is now a major event held on the second Saturday of every August and features the gigantic snake- boats of Kerala,the chundans, once the battleships of the Malayalee kings of yore.Today the Boat Race has grown into Alappuzha’s single most important tourist event, with each boat being sponsored by a different village. Competition is severe as the boats, with over 100 rowers in each ,race to the finish to the accompaniment of rousing music.
Kuttanad
Kuttanad is called the rice bowl of Kerala, because for her wealth of paddy crops are at the very heart of the backwaters.The scenic country side of Kuttanad with its shimmering waterways also has a rich crop of bananas, cassava and yams, which accompany the rice bowl as “side dishes”.This is perhaps the only land in the world where farming is done below sea level. Inland waterways which flow above land level are an amazing feature of this unique land.
Alappuzha beach is one of the most popular spots in the district of Alappuzha.Its beautiful garden on the shore gives an exclusive sight.Imposing buildings of a colonial past overlook the shore. The pier, which extends into the sea is more than 140 years old and is a rare sight. Dense Palm groves at one end and an ancient towering light house at the other,Vijaya Park and Sea view park are all spectacular sights one should never miss.Boating facility is available in both parks.Facilities at Vijaya Beach Park:Boating, a childrens park with toy train and bicycles. Open from 1500-2000 hours.
Pathiramanal
According to mythology a young Brahmin dived into the Vembanad Lake to perform his evening ablutions and the water made away for land to rise from below, thus creating the enchanting island of Pathiramanal. This little island on the backwaters is a favourite haunt of hundreds of rare migratory birds from different parts of the world. The island lies between Thaneermukkam and Kumarakom, and is accessible only by boat.
Wayanad
Edakkal Cave
This location of breath taking beauty in three kms from Ambalavayal which is 25 kms from Kalpetta. The Edakkal cave in the Ambukuthy mountain is not a cave in the real sense. As stated in the India Antiquary and quoted in the district Gazetteer,Kozhikode, it is only a “cleft about 96ft. long and 22ft. wide in the rock”.It is a fissure made by a corner of rock splitting off from the main body due to some natural causes. The depth of both cleft and fissure is 30ft. What makes it a cave to the ordinary observer is the fact that in the other portion of the large cleft, an enormous rock, weighing several tones, has fallen forming a roof over a large part of it.The rock wall contains some interesting carvings, which represent human and animal figures and objects of human use and symbols. These carvings speak of a highly civilized people of pre-historic age and inspires the archaeologists and historians to rewrite the history of Wayanad and Kerala as a whole.
Pookot Lake
It is a natural fresh water lake, brimmed with ever green mountains. The weather here is salacious; the scenic beauty, hypnotising and the nature, unspoiled. Pookot Lake tourist resort in Vythiri is the most sort after tourist spot of Wayanad. There is an aquarium and a green house here. Boating facilities are also available.
Sentinel Rock Water Fall: This water fall is at Vellarimala village near Chooramala in Meppadi Panchayat.It is a picnic spot as well as a trekking centre.The sentinel rock, a rock of more than 200m in height, is ideal for rock climbing.
Soochippara Waterfall
The waterfalls at Soochippara near Meppadi is really a treasure of nature, yet to be discovered. The stretches of waterfalls ranging at places from 100 to 300 feet height is a treat to the eyes. The pool below, provides for water rafting, swimming,bathing, etc.
Trivandrum
Located at the south western tip of India, Thiruvananthapuram district is bounded by the Arabian sea in the west and Tamil Nadu in the east. The wooden highlands of the western ghats in the eastern and north eastern borders give Thiruvananthapuram some of the most enchanting picnic spot. A long shore line with internationally renowed beaches, backwater stretches and a rich cultural heritage make this district a much sought after tourist destination. Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala.
Kovalam
Location: Just 16km from TVM city, south Kerala. Best time to visit: September to March, though it is an all year destination. Kovalam is an internationally renowned beach with three adjacent crescent beaches. It has been a favourite haunt of tourists, especially Europeans, since the 1930s. A massive rocky promontory on the beach has created a beautiful bay of calm waters ideal for sea bathing. The leisure options at this beach are plenty and diverse-sunbathing, swimming, herbal body toning massages, special cultural programmes, Catamaran cruising etc. The tropical sun acts so far than one can see the faint blush of coppery tan on the skin in a matter of minute. Life on the beach begins late in the day and carries on well into the nights. The beach complex includes a string of budget cottages, Ayurvedic health resorts, convention facilities, shopping zones, swimming pools, Yoga and Ayurvedic massage centres etc. Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, is just 16km away from Kovalam and getting there is no hassle. But if you are on holiday it is better to stay in Kovalam and visit the city. Thiruvananthapuram has interesting places to see like the Napier Museum, the Sri Chitra Art gallery, the Pathmanabha Swamy Temple, the Ponmudi hill station etc. SMSM Institute, a state owned handicrafts emporium, is the ideal place to pick up ethnic curious and other articles.
Kanyakumari
(Cape Comorin)- 87kms away from TVM, it is located at a junction at the southernmost tip of India where the three water bodies, namely The Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and The Indian Ocean meet. From here, one can see the sun rise from The Bay of Bengal and sunset in the Arabian Sea. It is a holy place for Hindus be cause of the Kanyakumari Temple. The Gandhi Smarak Mandir and Vivekananda Rock Memorial are additional tourist attractions.
About the Author
Joseph is an eminent analyst and writer in Travel & Tourism related topics. He has authored many books on tour guide for Kerala house boats and Backwater Houseboat Kerala. Find more package at http://www.keralahouseboat.in/
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