What kind of western sidearms did Japanese officers (navy/army) carry in WW2? I read that in WW2, Japanese officers had to buy their own sidearms. Though most bought Nambu pistols, I read that some bought western sidearms? Which models? And did they have to buy their own ammo?It doesn't sound like a very efficient system with all kinds of pistols (and probably a hard time getting spare parts if someone was stuck on an isolated island in the Pacific). 8x22mm Nambu Type 26 9 mm Revolver Type 94 Pistol

Russo-Japanese War Japanese Officers Map Manchuria List Price: $31.50 Sale Price: $15.75 You save: $15.75 (50%) Japan's Longest Day List Price: $29.98 Sale Price: $13.49 You save: $16.49 (55%) Average Rating: Trademark Japanese Officer Katana sword List Price: $69.99 Sale Price: $40.12 You save: $29.87 (43%) Collectibles & Figurines Japanese Officer Katana Sword (pack Of 1) The Castle of Sand List Price: $25.98 Sale Price: $23.49 You save: $2.49 (10%) Average Rating: Whimsical Watches Women's S0620013 Police Officer Black Leather Watch List Price: $59.95 Sale Price: $44.95 You save: $15.00 (25%) Major Ito Hirobumi Sale Price: $83.99 From Shanghai to Shanghai: The War Diary of an Imperial Japanese Army Medical Officer, 1937-1941 (Signature Books) Sale Price: $29.95 1865 Yokohama Horse Race Japanese Officers Japan War List Price: $43.75 Sale Price: $23.75 You save: $20.00 (46%) « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

Brand New 38 CTW Ruby Gold Necklace New MURANO GLASS Murano Glass Cocktail Ring Size 7 Brand New ELVIS EV W07A Mens Watch Brand New KABANA 125 CTW Amethyst Gold Ring Size 8 New 025 CTW VS2 Color H I Diamonds Gold Ring Size 7 New GAI MATTIOLO OGMO20MR Ladies Watch Retails $585 Brand New Gold Hoop Earrings OFFICINA DEL TEMPO OT1028 22B Mens Watch Retails $685 Brand New MODERN AMUSEMENT Ladies Blazer Retails $290 TONINO LAMBORGHINI Chronograph Swiss Movement Men Watch In Our Own HandsThe Hidden Story of the Jewish Brigade Brand New 01 CTW I2 Color H I Gemstones Gold Necklace Brand New FPJ 235 CTW Topaz Gold Ring Size 7 Brand New LEVIS Mens Sunglasses Retails $45 Brand New 48 CTW Amethyst Gold Ring Size 7 New KABANA 08 CTW Amethyst 18K Gold Ring Size 65 Brand New LALIQUE Made In France Bowl Retails $270 New MURANO GLASS Murano Glass Bracelet Retails $339 1896 CONFEDERATE FLAG ROBERT E LEE LITHOGRAPH PRINT LALIQUE Crystal Sterling Silver Necklace Retails $984 Brand New CHEVROLET TMG3547 Mens Watch Retails $299 Brand New AKRIBOS XXIV Automatic Movement Mens Watch Brand New 53 CTW Sapphire Gold Earrings 05 CTW I1 I2 Color I J Diamonds Gold Heart Necklace 715 CTW Cubic Zirconia Sterling Silver Mens Pendant Brand New BLACK HILLS GOLD Gold Pendant Retails $149 LUCIEN PICCARD Chronograph Swiss Movement Mens Watch Brand New 2 CTW Peridot Gold Ring Size 7 Brand New LORENZO 775 CTW Topaz Gold Necklace New 119 CTW Tanzanite Sterling Silver Ring Size 7 New SWISS ARMY Chronograph Swiss Movement Mens Watch New FPJ 052 CTW I2 Color I J Diamonds Gold Ring Size 7 LANCASTER OLA226LS Diamond Ladies Watch Retails $1635 Brand New Gold Necklace New MURANO GLASS Glass Beads Sterling Silver Necklace New STUHRLING ORIGINAL Automatic Movement Mens Watch Brand New 72 CTW Topaz Gold Bracelet Brand New MORELLATO Accent Gemstone Fabric Bracelet New HAUREX ITALY 1Y305DW1 Ladies Watch Retails $1600 New CHANEL Made In Italy Ladies Silk Scarf Retails $675 Brand New Freshwater Pearl Gold Necklace New ZOCCAI Onyx Sterling Silver Necklace Retails $1340 Brand New ICEBERG IC506 32G Ladies Watch Retails $350 New 075 CTW I1 I2 Color G H Diamonds Gold Ring Size 7 New NINA RICCI Made In Italy Wool Scarf Retails $1050 Brand New MAURICE LACROIX Swiss Movement Ladies Watch New ZOCCAI Swiss Movement Ladies Watch Retails $900

Japanese Etiquette

Bowing:

Bowing, known as “ojigi” in Japanese, is one the most common and important forms of nonverbal communication in Japan. Although sometimes looked upon as an expression of subservience in the West, bowing is an integral part of Japanese society that is incorporated into every aspect of daily life, from greeting an old friend in the supermarket, to apologizing to your boss at the office. In can also be used to express deep felt gratitude, as a means of saying goodbye, good morning and good night, or as a silent way of subtlety acknowledging your embarrassment when accidentally jostling someone on a crowded train. Ultimately the bow is an expression of respect for others and of personal humility, and techniques vary, from a small nod of the head, to bending at the waist at right angles to the floor. The basic protocol of when, where, and how deep to bow are determined by a complex system based on the relationship with the other person, his or her age, rank, and the circumstances of the encounter. For foreigners who wish to make an impression in regard to Japanese business associates, it's important to avoid being too casual with the mere nod of the head, or unknowingly awkward by bowing deeply when its not suitable. Having said this, most Japanese understand the potential for confusion in this respect and usually don't expect non Japanese to understand the subtleties involved, and therefore will often extend a handshake when meeting foreigners.

Inside a Japanese Home:

All Japanese homes adhere to strict rules in regard to removing ones shoes before entering a house or room, and this is one custom the Japanese will not make allowance for just because you are a foreigner. Upon entering a private residence guests should take off their shoes at the entrance of the house known as the genkan. Slippers are then provided by the host or hostess, and are to be worn for the duration of your visit. There are two exceptions to this practice. Upon entering a room furnished with a tatami floor, slippers are removed, as tatami mats should only be tread upon in socks or bare feet. The second exclusion to the rule is when you enter the washroom of the home. Slippers are again removed and left outside the door in exchange for a pair designated for the bathroom.

Even though most Japanese homes are now furnished with western style sofas and chairs, there still may be an occasion when you will be required to sit on the floor in the traditional Japanese fashion, especially in large family gatherings where meals are often held sitting on the tatami floor around a low table. The formal way of sitting for both men and women is known as “seiza”, which is basically a kneeling position where the legs are tucked under as you rest on  knees, legs, and feet. Foreigners however are not expected to to sit in seiza for long periods of time, and many Japanese because of their westernized life styles are no longer attempting this uncomfortable position as well. Therefore a more casual style has been adopted. Men usually sit cross legged, while women sit on their knees laying both legs to one side. The former position is considered exclusively male, while the latter is to be used by women only. Although it is not entirely necessary and will not be expected, it is also customary in Japan when visiting someones home to bring a small gift known as “temiyage”. This does not need to be an extravagant present, something as simple as a bag of fruit or a bottle of sake, as more than anything it represents your appreciation for being invited.

About the Author

Jim Sherard is the author of "Land of the Rising Sun, A Guide to Living and Working in Japan", which can be found at: http://www.escapeartist.com/e_Books/Living_and_Working_in_Japan/Living_and_Working_in_Japan.html

Related posts

• Japanese Devil
• Sword Very
• Japanese Wooden
• Japanese Postcard
• Ware Great

help with english description? i need to write a short detailed piece of descriptive writing on an old woman going on a walk from her house to the post office. can anyone give me some ideas please? to be honest, i don't mean to sound creepy but the best thing to do is to actually watch an old women walking to the post office for authenticity I wrote my creative writing coursework about a ferry crossing from england to ireland ( sounds sooo boring ) and i took pictures, videos and notes on the boat, in the end i got an A*

A History and Description of English Earthenware and Stoneware (To the Beginning of the 19Th Century) List Price: $35.75 Sale Price: $27.17 You save: $8.58 (24%) How Poets See the World: The Art of Description in Contemporary Poetry List Price: $70.00 A Peace Corps Mosaic - Volume One and Two (Description of Peace Corps Activities and Exploring Cultures of Varying Countries) [2 Vol. Set] List Price: $49.99 Framed Art Poster 20x30, Teeth Plate Description List Price: $99.95 Sale Price: $78.00 You save: $21.95 (22%) OKI - ROM (page description language) - PostScript Level 3 List Price: $49.00 Sale Price: $35.20 You save: $13.80 (28%) The New Testament & Classical Psalms Sale Price: $39.99 Performance Now v 4.1.12 List Price: $199.00 Sale Price: $185.61 You save: $13.39 (7%) Average Rating: The Verb in Contemporary English: Theory and Description Sale Price: $65.00 Average Rating: Epistemic Stance in English Conversation: A Description of Its Interactional Functions, With a Focus on I Think (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series) Sale Price: $158.00 « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

NEW A Literary History of the English People from th Blacks Veterinary Dictionary NEW Practical Pharmacology for the Pharmacy Technici New Samsung T349 T Mobile Unlocked Camera GSM phone NEW Nhl 2007 2008 Stanley Cup Champions Vathek by William Beckford Nonesuch Press 1929 NEW Letters of Philip Dormer Fourth Earl of Chester NEW Exercise and Eating Disorders Giordano Simona NEW Color Atlas of Common Oral Diseases Langlais NEW The British Historical Intelligencer Stace Ma NEW Joseph Hellers Catch 22 Bloom Harold EDT NEW Manual of Ambulatory Pediatrics Boynton Rose NEW The Poetical Works of John Dryden V 1 Dryde NEW The Real Messiah Huller Stephen 9781906787127 NEW The Readers Guide in Economic Social and Polit Tureks Orthopaedics Principles Their Application ED5 NEW Chinas Emerging Technological Edge Simon Den NEW Rockford Corporation Kieso Donald E PhD NEW BROWN SIDEKICK LX UNLOCKED TMOBILE PV250 ATT PHONE HID CONVERSION KIT H4 9003 H13 9004 9007 Hi Lo Bi XENON Quadband Touch Screen Dual Sim TV Java 1800 cell phone NEW Building Big Business In Russia Adachi Yuko NEW Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodont Ultimate Vintage Fountain Pens Collector Guide 1800s Up Treating Character Disorders The Master Work Motorola L6 Mobile Phone 1 Battery 1 Charger NEW Comptia Network Certification Kit Lammle Tod NEW Storm from the Shadows Weber David Snyder j Cannon Demille HAMMER OF GOD US SC Signed 1st 1st VG Quad Band TV Mobile Phone W9000 TV WIFI 2 SIM MINT NEW 27 TFT silver ​ DIGITAL CAMERA 100 MP CAMERA NEW Butterfly Landscapes Of New Mexico Cary Steve NEW Dramas and Diversions Courtney William Leonard Competence in Communication A Multidisciplinary Appr NEW Irish Plays and Playwrights Weygandt Cornelius NEW Introductions to the Prose Romances Plays and C NEW Lady Connie Ward Mrs Humphry NEW Recombinant Antibodies for Immunotherapy Littl Cannon Jack Demille SNIPER US SC Signed 1st 1st NF 2SIM E71 New Unlocked QWERTY Keyboard Mobile Cell Phone NEW Poems of Arthur Hugh Clough Clough Arthur Hugh NEW Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Fi NEW Music Sound and Silence in Buffy the Vampire S NEW The Poems of Alexander Hume 1557 1609 Volume Kurtz Katherine CAMBER OF CULDI Signed US 1st 1st NF Ogburn MYSTERIOUS WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE US 1st 1st VG Taming the SystemThe Control of Discretion in Criminal

Teaching ‘listening’ as an English Language Skill

Introduction:

English as a foreign language has the greatest motion in Bangladesh. Status of English as the “library language” and the increased “international inter-dependence” are the two reasons of this which led to a greater focus on face-to-face language usage crossing the margin of pen and paper exercise. As the decline of Grammar-Translation method in 1960s proved that language learning might not be limited to “reading and writing” or ‘literacy’, the provisional continuation of Direct Method confirmed too that ‘listening and speaking’ that is ‘oracy’ is not all that is language. Language must be taught in an integrative way where all four skills are focused.

But most often, even in the modern methods of SL teaching, quite surprisingly, listening skill is ignored in a way or another! David Nunan (1997) commented that listening is the “Cinderella Skill” which is overlooked by its elder sister “speaking” in SL learning. As ‘to expertise the productive skills like speaking and writing’ has become the standard of the knowledge of second language, listening and reading have been turned to be the secondary ones. Besides, in our schools, colleges and even in the higher levels, instructors direct how to read and write, not how to speak or listen. It is believed that these would be mastered by the learners automatically. Although listening had a boost up in 1960s (direct method) and in 1980s (Krashen’s input hypothesis, 1981; James Asher’s Total physical response, 1988 and Gillian Brown, 1988), it turned a fashion in most cases!

In this article, I have tried to show how listening helps EFL learners to develop language skill. Despite the fact that it is not a research article, a small scale survey has been done at Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh in order to demonstrate that listening practice is insisted by the learners and they find it functional in language learning.

What is listening?

Listening is a skill in a sense that it’s a related but distinct process than hearing which involves merely perceiving sound in a passive way while listening occupies an active and immediate analysis of the streams of sounds. This correlation is like that between seeing and reading. Seeing is a very ordinary and passive state while reading is a focused process requiring reader’s instrumental approach. Listening has a “volitional component”. Tomatis’ (2007) view is, while listening; the desire to listen, as well as the capability to listen (comprehension) must be present with the listener for the successful recognition and analysis of the sound.

What ‘listening’ really means is ‘listening and understanding what we hear at the same time’. So, two concurrent actions are demanded to take place in this process. Besides, according to Mecheal Rost (1991), listening comprises some component skills which are:

• discriminating between sounds,

• recognizing words,

• identifying grammatical groupings of words,

• identifying expressions and sets of utterances that act to create meaning,

• connecting linguistic cues to non-linguistic and paralinguistic cues,

• using background knowledge to predict and later to confirm meaning and recalling important words and ides.

As McDonough and Shaw ( 1993) and Rost (1991) explain that a listener as a processor of language has to go through three processes using three types of skills:

a. Processing sound/ Perception skills: As the complete perception doesn’t emerge from only the source of sound, listeners segment the stream of sound and detect word boundaries, contracted forms, vocabulary, sentence and clause boundaries, stress on longer words and effect on the rest of the words, the significance of intonation and other language-related features, changes in pitch, tone and speed of delivery, word order pattern, grammatical word classes, key words, basic syntactic patterns, cohesive devices etc.

b. Processing meaning/ Analysis skills:

It’s a very important stage in the sense, as researches show, that syntax is lost to memory within a very short time whereas meaning is retained for much longer. Richards (1985:191) says that, ‘memory works with propositions, not with sentences’. While listening, listeners categorize the received speech into meaningful sections, identify redundant material, keep hold of chunks of the sentences, think ahead and use language data to anticipate what a speaker may be going to say, accumulate information in the memory by organizing them and avoid too much immediate detail.

c. Processing knowledge and context/ Synthesis skills:

Here, ‘context’ refers to physical setting, the number of listener and speakers, their roles and their relationship to each other while ‘linguistic knowledge’ refers to their knowledge of the target language brought to the listening experience. Every context has its individual frame of reference, social attitude and topics. So, members of a particular culture have particular rules of spoken behavior and particular topic which instigate particular understanding. Listening is thought as ‘interplay’ between language and brain which requires the “activation of contextual information and previous knowledge” where listeners guess, organize and confirm meaning from the context.

However, none of these micro-skills is either used or effective in isolation or is called listening. Successful listening refers to ‘the integration of these component skills’ and listening is nothing but the ‘coordination of the component skills’.

Nature of listening as a skill:

Besides the division of the skills as ‘receptive’ and ‘productive’, another subdivision focuses on ‘one-way reception’ and ‘interactive reception’ in this age of active learning. Reading and writing are one-way skills where learners don’t get direct feedback. But in speaking and listening, learners may have their understanding and reproduction checked instantly. Thus active and self-learning takes place.

Moreover, there is a traditional labeling for reading and listening as “passive” skills. But linguists believe that a listener is involved in guessing, anticipating, checking, interpreting, interacting and organizing by associating and accommodating their prior knowledge of meaning and form. Rost (1990) thinks, listeners “co-author” the discourse and they construct it by their responses.

Even as a receptive skill, listening differs greatly with reading as reading materials are printed and permanent enough where the learners are required to interact with the next sentence using the knowledge of the previous one while listening involves continuous material presentation where they have to respond to the immediate expression. From the view point of “product” or “process”, listening is more a process than a product which instantly shapes the understanding and utterances of the learners.

Why listening?

No doubt, listening is the most common communicative activity in daily life. according to Morley (1991, p.82), “We can expect to listen twice as much as we speak, four times more than we read, and five times more than we write.”

So, listening, as a skill, is assuming more and more weight in SL or FL classrooms than ever before. Rost (1994, p. 141-142), points out, “listening is vital in the language classroom because it provides input for the learner. Without understanding input at the right level, any learning simply cannot begin. Listening is thus fundamental to speaking.”

Limited listening input fails to promote face-to-face communication by shaping their social development, confidence and self-image. Adequate listening practice could give the learners essential contact with handy input that might trigger their utterances. Teacher talk or peer- interaction might be the options for this. But according to Rod Ellis (1990), it’s not only the exposure to L2 that is enough, and learners need L2 data suited to the accurate stage of their development. If the learners don’t have “optimal” exposure in the target language, they can’t transmit the “comprehensible input” into “intake” through “production strategies” where learners attempt to use L2 knowledge. Krashen’s (1981) view is that “acquisition” takes place as a result of the learner having understood input that is a little beyond the current level of his competence that is ‘the i+1 level’. We must take into account that the level of listening input must be higher than the level of language production of the target learners. So, language teaching pedagogy must incorporate academic and designed listening practice.

Obviously listening influences other skills. A theory of Tomatis shows that “the quality of an individual’s listening ability will affect the quality of both their spoken and written language development”. He also views that if the sounds of the target language are presented to the learners before presenting them in written form, the ease with which they integrate those sound will be reflected in their understanding and production of the language. However, a pre-exposure or a following-exposure to listening input is a must on the part of a learner.

It is widely known that individual’s ability to process and analyze the sounds influence their ability to translate the sounds of language into their written form. We know, reading is not only a visual process rather involves the rapid analysis of letters and words that represents sounds and it is sound which gives the words meaning. A learner can decode the graphic images or recognize their meaning efficiently if their auditory processing skills are well developed. In a similar way, sounds are translated into graphic form in writing and if the sounds are poorly integrated their graphic representation will be hampered and problems like spelling mistakes may arise. So, we see the foundation on which reading and writing skills are built is spoken language again listening is the fundamental to spoken language as without listening anything we can’t reproduce or reply.

In a learner-centered approach, it is deducted that listening provides the learners with the following features of the target language:

• How the language is organized

• How native speakers use the language

• How to communicate in the language

Strategies for Listening:

Two types of strategies for listening have been in practice. They are defined so according to the ways of processing the text while listening:

a. In Bottom up processing, like reading, learners utilize their linguistic knowledge to identify linguistic elements in an order from the smallest linguistic unit like phonemes (bottom) to the largest one like complete texts (top). They link the smaller units of the language together to form the larger parts and it’s a linear process where meaning is derived automatically at the last stage. It is absolutely “text based” process where learners rely on the sounds, words and grammar in the message in order to create meaning.

b. Top- down interpretation, on the other hand, requires learners to go to the listening with their prior knowledge of topic, context, and type of text as well as knowledge of language to reconstruct the meaning using the sounds as clues. “This back ground knowledge activates a set of expectations that help the listener to interpret what is heard and anticipate what will come next.”

It is assumed that bottom up process is applied while practicing minimal pairs, taking pronunciation tests, listening for specific details, recognizing cognates and word-order pattern but top-down interpretation is used in the activities like listening for the main idea, predicting, drawing inferences, and summarizing where learners relate what they know and what they hear through listening comprehension.

According to the types of situation where the understanding takes place, listening is divided into:

a. Reciprocal or interactive Listening where the listener is required to take part in the interaction and alternately listens and speaks. Interactive listening situations include face-to-face conversations and telephone calls in which listener has a chance to ask for clarification, repetition, or slower speech from conversation partner.

b. Non-reciprocal or non-interactive Listening where the listener is engaged in listening passively to a monologue or speech or even conversation. Some non-interactive listening situations are listening to the radio, CDs, TV, films, lectures etc. and here listener usually doesn't have the opportunity to ask for clarification, slower speech or repetition.

We believe, this type of listening is not totally non- interactive too. The interaction takes place here is the ‘cognitive’ one where students respond through understanding and creating the meaning. On the other hand, this might be turn to semi- reciprocal if the instructor makes them responding while checking their understanding through question-answer or discussion and clarification in the class or lab.

Methodology:

Methods applied for the survey included questionnaire and group interviews taken with 40 students who attend listening classes in the language lab regularly and it has been observed by the author that they do better in speaking and reading than others. The subjects are the students of 1st year 1st term from the department of Pharmacy and CSTE, ACCT, and FIMS. Although they are really not beginners and have learnt English at their secondary and higher secondary level, they have no exposure to authentic English speaking and listening. Here they have been practicing listening in a language lab using headphone using audio and video for three months. The purpose of the survey was convincingly explained to them and they took 30 minutes to think on the questions and to answer them.

Findings:

30 students claim that listening practice has raised their confidence by throwing away their fear, hesitations, inertia and shyness that they had before to speak in English.

• All of the 40 students have told that watching video clippings and movie while listening enables to identify the right responses, styles, expressions, behaviors, attitudes and emotions in particular situations through concentrating on gesture, body language, non- linguistic cues, planning utterances, adjacency pairs, turn-taking, repairing utterances by asking for repetition, pre-closing and closing.

• 5 students have said that it has quickened their planning to respond as they listen to faster speaking than their own.

• 35 students opine that exposure to naturally spoken input by native speakers gives them practical experience of using language in target situations.

• 20 students who are highly motivated have found a change in their speaking style.

• 36 students think that listening to dialogues and conversation enriches their vocabulary and teaches how to use them appropriately.

• 10 students have found that intensive listening practice helps to remember the syntactic structures, spelling, accent and intonation.

• 19 students mention about learning of the cultures, feelings, reactions, trend and customs of the English speaking people that helps them feel motivated (integrative) to speak English.

• All of the 40 students opine that watching movie or video clippings draws more attention during the class and add to their learning.

• All of the 40 students believe that interaction with teachers for assessment or other purposes while listening help them greatly to remove confusion and use their newly gained knowledge immediately and make it regular in use.

Teaching listening:

Unfortunately, as I find a very diminutive effort in teaching listening in our country, this discussion may appear too much redundant to read to the language teachers! What we find in a traditional EFL classroom? Most of the classes complete their Language course without practice listening even for a day! Very few ELT trained teachers, now-a-days, in line with the flow of CLT; efforts for listening practice consisted of teacher reading aloud a written text slowly, once or more so that it is understood and than asking some comprehension questions. It seems the objective here is ‘to present the written language in an alternative way’ where characteristics of naturally spoken language is totally absent and listening practice is farther beyond. If the materials used for listening class comply with that in speaking class, it will, certainly, give a fully fledged input to the learners.

Teaching listening requires a bit more on the part of the teacher than that of the learners. One of the main principle of teaching listening, as I believe, should be “ Language material intended to used for training listening comprehension should never be presented visually first.” Good listening lessons go beyond the main listening task itself with related activities before and after the listening. The format may be like the following:

a. Pre-listening Stage: Some activities before listening may serve as preparation or warm-up for listening in several ways. These function as ‘reference’ and ‘framework’ by giving prior knowledge of listening activities. Some recommended per-listening activities include:

a. Introducing the topic and assessing their background knowledge of the topic or content of the material through commenting on a picture or photograph.

b. Activating their existing knowledge through discussion. Reading through comprehension questions in advance, working out own opinion on a topic, predicting content from the title etc. can be done.

c. Clarifying any necessary contextual information and vocabulary to comprehend the text. In this regard showing pictures maps or graphs and may be helpful.

d. Informing them of the type of text, their role, purposes of the listening etc. A short reading passage on a similar topic may help them.

b. While-Listening Stage: activities in this stage must follow the learners’ specific needs, instructional goal, listening purposes and learners’ proficiency level. While listening activities directly relate to the text and listeners are asked to do these during or immediately after listening.

. Some specific cares are required in designing while-listening activities. These are:

a. If the students are asked to give written information after listening, they should have chance to listen the text more than once which makes it easier for them to keep concentration while listening with specific purposes.

b. Writing activities should be to a minimum. As comprehension is the prime target, writing would make the listening more demanding. are samples of this.

c. Global activities like getting the main idea, topic, setting, summary that focus on the content and forms of the text should be given more so that listeners are guided through the text. Listening for the gist is such an activity.

d. More questions should be set up in order to focus student’s attention on the crucial elements that might help to comprehend the text. Following the rout on a map or searching for specific clues to meaning, or identify description of the given pictures might be appropriate here.

e. Attaching predicting activities before listening so that students can monitor their comprehension as they listen. Listening with visuals may serve here.

f. Giving immediate feedback to make the students examine their responses and how it was. Checking off items in a list, distinguishing between formal and informal registers conducted by teacher are examples here.

Listening activities here become varied according to their purposes and objectives. Four major distinctions include Attentive listening, Extensive listening, Intensive listening, Selective listening and Interactive listening.

Attentive listening:

Both of the ideas are true that attentiveness is a prior condition for understanding and listener often lapse attention for various reasons. Losing interest, inability to keep up with, losing track of goals, less confident are some of them. Teacher can help the listeners to hold their attention by personalizing the martial, using the target language while talking to them to keep flow, and lessening their stress and motivating by asking oral responses repeatedly. Activities in this stage would be interesting and easy including face to face interaction, using visual and tangible topics, clear description of the listening procedure, minimum use of written language, and immediate and ongoing responses etc so that learners can easily keep pace with the text and activity.

Listening to short chunks, music image, personal stories, teacher- talk, small question- answer, and interview etc may be applied in this stage.

Extensive listening:

This type of listening has also a greater ease than other types as it is concerned to promote overall comprehension of a text and never requires learners to follow every word and understand them. Learners need to comprehend the text as a whole which is called global understanding. Activities in this section must be chosen in terms with the proficiency level of the listeners.

At the lower level they may have problems to organize the information, so some non-verbal forms in responding might be given such as putting pictures in a right sequence, following directions on a map, checking of items in a photograph, completing a grid, chart or timetable etc.

At the developed stage, some language based tasks requiring constructing meaning, inferring decisions, interpreting text and understanding gist are usually recommended. Completing cloze exercises or giving one or two word answers, multiple choices, predicting the next utterances, forming connected sets of notes, inferring opinions, or interpreting parts of the text are some samples.

Intensive listening:

‘Hearing clearly’ is also a prime aspect of listening as it includes accurate perception without which the second phase of processing meaning becomes very difficult. Listening intensively is quite important to understand the language form of the text as we have to understand both the lexical and grammatical units that lead to form meaning. So, intensive listening requires attention to specific items of language, sound or factual detail such as words, phrase, grammatical units, pragmatic units, sound changes (vowel reduction and consonant assimilation), stress, intonation and pauses etc. Feedback on accuracy and repetition on the teacher’s part promote success here.

Paraphrasing, remembering specific words and sequences, filling gaps with missing words, identifying numbers and letters, picking out particular facts, discriminating the pronunciation of same phoneme in different positions, replacing words, finding stress and boundaries are some good intensive listening practice.

Selective listening:

It involves listening to selected part of a text, as it’s name suggests, to predict information and select ‘cues’ surrounding information. Thus, the listeners may have an assessment of their development in listening to authentic language. Here the focus is on the main parts of the discourse and by noticing these parts listener construct their understanding of the meaning of whole of the text through inferring. As the expectation on understanding is focused and has a purpose, in these activities, listeners have the chance of second listening to check understanding and have feedback repeatedly.

Listening to sound sequences, documentary, story maps, incomplete monologues, conversation cues and topic listening are examples of selective listening.

Interactive listening:

This is a very advanced stag of listening practice as it implies social interaction in small groups which is a ‘true test’ of listening. In interactive listening, learners, either in pairs or in groups, receive new information, identify them continuously. Besides, they have to work out the problems of understanding each other and formulate responses immediately as we are required to do in real life. So, in spite of calling ‘practice’, this goes beyond of it. As this phase involves both comprehension and production, it directly promotes speaking skill. Teachers have a central role in this stage. They have to set up specific goals so that learners can asses their own performance, observe learners’ language in order to provide immediate feedback on their interaction strategies.

Group survey, self introductions, short speeches, chatting and discussing, exchanging news and views, interviewing and being interviewed etc. might be appropriate here.

c. After-listening Stage: post listening activities can be used to check comprehension, valuate listening skill, use of listening strategies and use the knowledge gained to other contexts. So, these are called listening exercises at all and defined as ‘follow-up works.’ The features of these activities are:

a. Related to pre-listening activities, such as predicting.

b. May create a real life situation where students might be asked to use knowledge gained through listening.

c. May extend the topic and help the students remember new vocabulary.

Using notes made while listening in order to write a summary, reading a related text, doing a role play, writing on the same theme, studying new grammatical structures, practicing pronunciation, discussion group, craft project etc. are some post-listening activities.

Variables affecting and effecting successful listening:

Noise: Distractions and noise during the listening segment should be reduced and sound-proof language lab is perfect for this purpose.

Equipment: If the cassette player or CD player being used does not produce acceptable sound quality, it may harm developing skill or motivation.

Repetition: playing the text 2-3 times might be required in respect of the types of texts. In case of no chance of repetition, learners may become anxious about catching it all the first time and that will impede their actual performance.

Content: It is a strong variable to be able to make difference in developing skill. The material should be interesting and appropriate for the class level in topic, speed and vocabulary. Some guidelines for judging the relative ease or difficulty of a listening text for a particular purpose or particular group of students might be:

a. The selected material must be relevant to student’s real life; language of the text should be authentic and would vary in terms of learners’ interest and age group.

b. The storyline, narrative, or instruction should confirm common expectation in organization. It may contain main idea, details, and examples. An informative title might also be helpful.

c. Learners have to be familiar with the topic. They might feel major comprehension difficulties because of misapplication of background knowledge due to cultural differences.

d. At the beginner level of proficiency, the language of listening text should discard redundancy while in the higher proficiency level students may benefit from redundant language.

e. If the text involves more than one individual, the differences between them should be marked conspicuously which can make the comprehension easy.

f. Most texts should have visual supports like clippings, maps, diagrams, pictures or images in video that contextualize the listening input and provide clues to meaning in order to aid their interpretation.

Recording own tape: Any way, recording must be of an English speaker. Copying recording two to three times is preferred in order to avoid rewind which may discrete attention of the listeners.

Using video: Using video clippings with sound off and then asking students what dialogue is taking place is a good practice. Next, the teacher may play sound and check their understanding and interpret them about the discrepancy between their predictions and reality. It may also be done with the video first and giving only sound to guess what the context is can obviously effect comprehending.

Homework: In teaching listening, homework is a must. A listening task between two classes prevent them forgetting. Encouraging public listening and having notes on them is a free pave to walk in teaching listening which leads to success. Providing tape recording with questions, dictation, or a worksheet to complete may bring the expected results.

Using internet: If learners have opportunity to use a computer with internet access and headphones or speakers, teacher may direct them toward some listening practice sites and home works can also be assigned from these accesses

Limitations of the essay:

This essay doesn’t focus on every aspect of teaching or developing listening skill; rather it focuses mainly on the necessity and functions of listening input in learning a foreign or second language. The survey also reflects on the service of listening to the EFL learners who are instrumentally motivated. The context of the assay is this country though it reflects that of some other countries where the features don’t vary much.

Conclusion:

Definitely we have to admit that language learning depends on listening as we respond only after listening something. Listening provides the aural input that serves as the stimuli for language acquisition and make the learners interact in spoken communication. So, effective and ideal language instructors should help the learners to be introduced with native speaking, to be respondent to that both cognitively and orally. In order to do so, first, they should show the students how they can adjust their listening behavior to deal with variety of situations, types of input, and listening purposes.

Questionnaire

Name:

Role:

Department:

Q1: Does practice listening in the language lab help you to develop English skill?

Q2: How does it promote your learning?

Q3: Do watching movies or using video clippings add to your understanding?

Q4: How does interaction with teacher or interference of teacher while listening help you?

Reference:

Byrnes H. (1984). The role of listening comprehension: A theoretical base. Foreign Language Annals, 17: 317-329.

Coakley CG & Wolvin AD. (1986). Listening in the native language. In B. H. Wing (Ed.), Listening, reading, writing: Analysis and application (pp. 11-42). Middlebury, VT: Northeast Conference.

Gass SM.(1988). Integrating research areas: A framework for second language studies. Applied Linguistics. 9:198-217.

Lund RJ. (1990). A taxonomy for teaching second language listening. Foreign Language Annals, 23: 105-115.

Mendelsohn DJ & Rubin J. (1995). A guide for the teaching of second language listening. San Diego, CA: Dominie Press.

Morley J. (1991). Listening comprehension in second/foreign language instruction. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 81-106). Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Nunan D & Miller L. (Eds.). (1995). New ways in teaching listening. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.

Omaggio-Hadley A. (1993). Teaching language in context (2nd Ed.). Boston. MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Peterson PW. (1991). A synthesis of methods for interactive listening. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 106- 122). Boston. MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Richards JC. (1983). Listening comprehension: Approach, design, procedure. TESOL Quarterly. 17: 219-240.

Rixon S.(1981).The design of materials to foster particular linguistic skills. The teaching of listening comprehension. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 258 465).

Rost M. (1990). Listening in language learning. London: Longman.

Rubin J. (1987). Learner strategies: Theoretical assumptions, research history and typology. In A. Wenden & J. Rubin (Eds.), Learner strategies in language learning (pp. 15-30). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Rubin J. (1995). The contribution of video to the development of competence in listening. In D.J. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening (pp. 151-165). San Diego, CA: Dominie Press.

Underwood M. (1989). Teaching listening. London: Longman.

About the Author

Mili Saha & Ali Rezwan Talukdar, Lecturers, Dept. of English,
Noakhali Science & Technology University
Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh.

Related posts

• Refernce Catalogue
• Ware Japan
• Pipe Case
• Seasons Painting
• Good Japanese

Lamps for Interior Design – Shelley Porcelain Shelley, is one of those names that most people with an interest in antiques and design find familiar.  Shelley is probably most famous for its productions of the period from 1910 – 1940.  This, of course, includes the exuberant period of design known as  “Art Deco”, however, we need to go back to 1862 to find the origins of this famous name. Shelley Potteries started life as the Foley China Works at Fenton, Staffordshire, when Joseph Shelley became a partner in the firm.  Joseph Shelley progressed through the company and by 1910, the name "Shelley China" was being actively promoted, with the company name finally changing to Shelley in 1925. Shelley continued in production until 1966 when it was taken over by Allied English Potteries, now part of The Doulton Group.  The Shelley Art Deco styles are considered about as high style as Art Deco period porcelain can be! The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co have recently acquired a very rare, matched pair of English, Shelley porcelain lamps perfectly suited to the Art Deco interior design enthusiast, the lamps with an all-over “Burnt Orange” ground colour, so typical of this vibrant period of design.   With an overall height, including lampshades, of 25” / 64cm, these lamps show strong Japanese design influence with the orange ground decorated with elegantly drawn subjects of cranes in flight, the birds enameled in lustre green and black.  The lamps standing on bronze, custom made, square, stepped bases, enamelled in gloss black. These are an outstanding pair of difficult to find, Shelley, Art Deco lamps.  Circa 1925. Please remember that The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co ship lamps, ready wired for the U.S, the U.K and Australia.  You are invited to visit The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co’s web site at - www.antiquelampshop.com © The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co 2008 About the Author Maurice Robertson, principal of The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co , has had a lifetime’s association with antique porcelain and pottery. From an early age he recalls picking up tea cups, looking for the mark on the base, discerning the maker. His commercial experience spans a period of 40 years. This includes 25 years as an international specialist dealer for the gallery formerly known as "The Antique Porcelain Gallery", in Sydney’s Martin Place and as a valuer to the Australian Commonwealth Government’s Incentive to the Arts Scheme. His long experience with antique ceramics and glass also includes dealing with leading museums and numerous international private collections. He is also well known as a regular lecturer to ceramic societies, fine arts societies, he also consults to leading auction houses and has been a sought after contributor to magazines and journals with articles on antique ceramics. Extending his ceramics expertise into the quality table lamps seen on the company’s site, he is well known to local and international interior designers who have included many of his table lamps in their projects and has also supplied items of national interest to the official Sydney residence of the Australian Prime Minister.

l'Échantillon des familles [In Japanese Language] Asian Furniture & Décor - 16" Rose Famille Chinese Porcelain Oriental Charger / Plate w/ Stand List Price: $399.99 Sale Price: $199.00 You save: $200.99 (50%) Chinese and Japanese Ceramics & Works of Art [Sotheby's, Amsterdam (AM0905) / 05 Nov 2003] Fine Oriental Works of Art [Butterfield & Butterfield, San Francisco (3681O) / 11 Jun 1986] « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

Complete Edme Samson Lowestoft Tea Service Large Hand Painted Ming Famille Rose Porcelain Plate HandPainted 19thC Porcelain Teapot Flirting in the Park Antique Japanese Porcelain Famille Noir Ginger Jar Antique Vintage Japanese Famille Rose Noir Charger Antique Vintage Japanese Tezuka Kinsei Figural Charger Japanese Celadon Famille Rose Tea Caddy Jar Japanese Pair Stem Vases Porcelain Famille Rose Vintage Chinese Famille Rose Cabinet Article Nest 4 Boxes 19th Antique 19th C Chinese Export Famille Rose Jar Vase PAIR ROSE MEDALLION PLATES TOTALLY BACKED WITH BRASS THE WORLD OF KAKIEMON EXHIBITON CATALOGUE Sothebys Chinese Japanese Artworks Netsuke 11 04 SothebysChinese Ceramics Artworks Jade Catalog 9 08 Chinese Famille Rose 6 Sided Vase c1900 ANTIQUE FAMILLE ROSE QING CHINESE PORCELAIN ENAMEL VASE CHRISTIES THE CHAMPALIMAUD COLLECTION 2 VOLUMES SOTHEBYS PROPERTY OF LAURANCE S ROCKEFELLER SLOANS CLAIRVOYANT JEANE DIXON COLLECTION LIMITED ED CHRISTIES IMPORTANT CHINESE SNUFF BOTTLES 9 17 08 BONHAMS THE ANTONIO LILIANE MARIANI COLLECTION 3 2 09 SOTHEBYS THE COLLECTION OF TONY INGRAO SOTHEBYS JOHN HAY WHITNEY COLLECTION OVERSIZED CHRISTIES IMPORTANT CHINESE SNUFF BOTTLES HARDBACK BONHAMS ELIZABETH COLYEAR VINCENT COLLECTION CHRISTIES SPANISH SPLENDOUR A COLLECTION OF A MARQUES SOTHEBYS IMPORTANT MOBILIER LEON LEVY COLLECTION HB SOTHEBYS ESTATE OF JAMES H VAN ALEN SPINK THE MINOR ARTS OF CHINA SOTHEBYS ALBERTO BRUNI TEDESCHI COLLECTION 3 21 07 Japan 1900s 2 aft Chinese Famille Noire Ginger Jars yqz Photothèque Imaginaire by Shuji Terayama VERY SCARCE beautiful japanese gilded famille rose porcelain bowl Antique Japanese Porcelain Famille Rose Bowl 19th C Sotheby 12 18 09 antique Chinese ceramics Buddha INRO Chinese Porcelain Famille Verte Kangxi Vases Urns Antique 19th C Chinese Porcelain Famille Rose Tray Antique Chinese Famille Rose Handpnted Porcelain Plate Rare Large Samson Covered Armorial Temple Jar a wonderful famille verte cup decorated with persons famille rose saucers with cocksa butterfly and peony ANTIQUE OLD CHINESE EXPORT FAMILLE ROSE UMBRELLA STAND SOTHEBYS MALLETT AT BOURDON HOUSE 3 9 07 Samson Chelsea Lowestoft Footed Bowl Rare Edme Samson Lowestoft Inkstand Large Samson Lowestoft Armorial Scent Bottle Medium Samson Lowestoft Armorial Scent Bottle

Related posts

• Later Than
• Great Japanese
• Page From
• Japanese Sign
• Refernce Catalogue

Have there ever been any presidents or prominenent politicians with tattoos? Have any current or former presidents/politicians gotten inked up? If a politician had a prominent tattoo would this make you not vote for them? Yep: Barry Goldwater, of all people. Generally I look at a person's tattoo-to-teeth ratio as a negative indicator, but hey, I try to keep an open mind.

Cisco MGBSX1 Gigabit SX Mini-GBIC SFP Transceiver List Price: $150.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Average Rating: Ghost Train Sale Price: $29.95 Dust of Mexico Story Set in Mexico. Practical Remarks On Modern Paper: With an Introductory Account of Its Former Substitutes; Also Observations On Writing Inks, the Restoration of Illegible ... Deeds from the Destructive Effects of Damp List Price: $20.75 Sale Price: $16.19 You save: $4.56 (22%) The Moving Picture Boys Under the Sea or The Treasure of the Lost Ship with SCARCE Color DustJacket of Boy Wearing Hat Operating Moving Picture Camera Surrounded By Montage of Action Shots, Series #8 By Victor Appleton, , Life in Early Days of Movies Paradise Lost a Poem in Twelve Books with a biographical & Critical Account of the Author & His Writings The Grammar School Boys Snowbound SERIES #2 in RARE Color DustJacket Of Green/Red 3 Guys One Brown Suit Holding Flag Pennant & Wearing Brown Hat, One Basketball Outfit & Third in Green Tie White Pants Standing By Walter Hayn, (Grammer ) Written By H. Checkmated or Tale of a Checkbook, The Manhattan Bank of Commerce ( Includes Printed Samples Newspaper Clippings of Society Columns Talking of Miss Josephine Brevoort, New York Society Girl Heiress & Baron Von Spitzberg, Titled Foreigner Etc & of Checks Tom Slade, Motor Cycle Dispatch Bearer By Fitzhugh, Percy Keese, Series #7, With RARE VINTAGE COLOR DustJacket of Men in Military Brown Uniforms By Underwood & Underwood, NY. , Hats & Duty Around the MotorBikes, Published with the Approval of the Boy Sc « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

Randy Green S N Limited Edition Print Zemkes Thunder Mollie The Journal of Mollie Dorsey Sanford AGC Miss Marthas MATTIE Sweet Child MINT IN BOX 1991 Wolf Native ArtistTony Miron Limited Edition 2008 PRESS PASS LEGENDS HOBBY FOOTBALL BOX 5 AUTOS BEEZUS and RAMONA 1955 Beverly Cleary Hardcover dj 1st BREITLING SS EMERGENCY MISSION SERVICED 6 10 999 10 MAX SCHMELING Deceased Heavyweight Champ Autographed AHMAN GREEN BAY PACKER SIGNED AUTO NFL PRO BOWL JERSEY Strategy Tactics 161 ST Successors UP Huge Bonus Randy Green S N Limited Edition Achtung Zweimots The Rolling Stones Paint It Black London 45 901 1735 Danforth SIGNED Cambridge HARVARD COLLEGE Document 65 OCTAVIA PORCH Rome DESPOUY Architecture Art Print Gamers Guide to Diplomacy Avalon Hill AH Huge Bonus Ali autographed DOUBLE SIGNATURE TRUNKS COA RARE Pat Toomay autographed Buffalo Bills mini helmet Pat Toomay autographed Dallas Cowboys mini helmet Pat Toomay autographed Vanderbilt mini helmet Abner Haynes autographed Dallas Texans Mini Helmet Coach Red Leather Handbag $2 1953A RED SEAL STAR CGA 65 OPQ FANTASTIC MONEY Coach leather handbag $2 1953B RED SEAL STAR CGA 65 OPQ FANTASTIC MONEY Cambridge HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1846 Art Print VERY RARE NEW YORK CITY FROM BAY 1856 Landscape Art Print RARE 1927 New York Giants Photo of Rogers Hornsby Tokyo Joe 1949 VHS USEDBW88 MINSSP MODE RCA] Antique Signed Color Lithograph Print Milan Cathedral One Off at Darwin Randy Green P 40 Warhawk Print Melanie Oudin Autographed 8x10 Photo Melanie Oudin Tennis Star Autographed 8x10 Photo BRETT FAVRE SIGNED AUTOGRAPHED NEW YORK 8X10 JETS PHOTO Soliel Moon Frye former Punky Brewster Hottie Autograph $5 1902 PORTAGE WI 4234 PCGS VF25 SERIAL 1 Terry Steinbach Signed Autographed Baseball OAKLAND As MMA TIM THE MANIAC SYLVIA SIGNED UFC OUANO GLOVE PSA Miami Ink Collection 1 R4 Brand new FRANK HOWARD CAREER HIGHLIGHT STAT BALL 7 INSCRIPTION TOMMY JOHN 5 INSCRIPTION CAREER STAT BALL VERY RARE PAUL MOLITOR SIGNED 1993 World Series Baseball MVP HOF 2007 BENCHWARMER GOLD SUPER RARE AUTOLISA GLEAVE 14 25 Miami Ink Best Tatts 3 DVD NEW ★★★ NEW LOT 10 PCS Russian KGB Disappearing Ink Pen ★★★ LA INK Series COLLECTION 5 NEW SEALED R4 DVDKat Von D CHARMED PO3 AUTOGRAPH AUTO A9JULIAN McMAHON NIP TUNK NEW MENS OPTION 163 SNOWBOARD FLOW BINDINGS BOOTS

Cheap Ink Cartridges Uk: Buy It Online

Tired of spending thousands of pounds on ink cartridges? It has been seen that manufacturers of printers like Epson, Dell, and Canon purposely pester you in buying their ink cartridges. The reason is apparent; they offer very high mark-up on printer ink cartridges. Thus, they try to sway you that cheap ink cartridges like the compatible or refilled printer ink cartridges might damage your printer. Majority are ought to succumb to these theories.

In all there are three types of cheap printer ink cartridges available in UK. OEM or original equipment manufacturer ink cartridge has the manufacturer's name on it, compatible ink cartridges which are compatible with your printer model but doesn't have the manufacturer's seal on it and remanufactured or refilled ink cartridges. Refilled or remanufactured ink cartridges have been disassembled or refilled by the manufacturer and then put up for sale.

Internet is the best place to buy cheap ink cartridges in UK, as there are numerous numbers of online suppliers offering cheap printer ink cartridges. All you have to do is to pick the one that gives you the best services and great prices. Online dealers have their websites with product information. Thus, visit some of the well-known online suppliers browse through the prices they are offering. Select your printer model and get the right ink cartridge that fits into it. The prices offered by online suppliers of cheap ink cartridges in UK are relatively low than the ones given by retail outlets. This is certain, as online suppliers have to fritter very little in terms of infrastructure. And above all majority of the online suppliers offer free shipping options within the country and even have the ink cartridge replaced if found damaged.

Still many of us might be cynical while online purchase of cheap ink cartridges in UK, as we are unable to have a first hand look at the cartridge. But no need to worry if you are buying cheap printer ink cartridges from a reputed dealer likes Madwall Inks. Madwall Inks is a new entrant in the market but has already won the trust and loyalty of many of its customers by providing cheap ink cartridges in UK. Madwall Inks guarantee low, discount prices without compromising on the quality. Thus, if you want to save on costs, then don't look anywhere else. Just log on to http://www.madwall-inks.co.uk and get your cheap printer ink cartridges.

About the Author

Madwall Inks is a well known author and has been writing content for canon pixma ink cartridges, canon ink cartridges, inkjet cartridges canon, canon inkjet cartridge, canon inkjet cartridges uk, buy ink cartridges online, ink cartridges uk, buy ink cartridges uk, cheap ink cartridges for printers, cheap ink cartridges dell, cheap ink cartridges uk, cheap ink cartridges dell, cheap ink cartridges for lexmark, buy ink cartridges online, ink cartridges uk, buy ink cartridges uk, ink cartridges cheap For more information visit www.madwall-inks.co.uk

Related posts

• Scroll Portrait
• Style Vase
• Scroll Woman
• Scroll Mushroom
• Painting House

Are homemade tea cakes the same thing as a cookie? Or are they a pastry? They seem like a sugar cookie of sorts to me. They're sort of a cookie before taxes.

Baby clothes with object, set, things, "New England", wooden, tea, furniture, article, table Sale Price: $14.99 When You Sneeze, Things May Happen Rooibos Tea Sale Price: $12.17 Mini Tea Set to Paint List Price: $18.00 Sale Price: $14.95 You save: $3.05 (17%) Rose-Patterned Tea Things Photographic Poster Print by Michael Paul, 18x24 Sale Price: $39.99 All The Sweet Things Baby Personalized Tea Earth Mama Angel Baby Pregnancy Pampering Kit List Price: $39.95 Sale Price: $24.98 You save: $14.97 (37%) Broadway - The American Musical (PBS Series) List Price: $59.98 Sale Price: $51.68 You save: $8.30 (14%) Average Rating: The Sweetest Thing Gourmet Food Gift Basket Sale Price: $69.99 Tea, coffee, cocoa (Things we need and where they come from series) « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

BROWN Mudcloth Purse Handbag Handmade Mali Africa COMM NATURAL GAS CECILWARE ME 10G NSF HOT WATER BOILER Pewter Sterling 4 PC SET Steak Knives Unknown UNUSED CLOSE OUT Carnegie 9 Light Chandelier in Sintra Bronze 20 MATRIXYL 3000 FIRMING SERUM POWER COLLAGEN BUILDER Amethyst Candle Holder Extra Large FRANZ FINE PORCELAIN Amphibia LONG LEGGED FROG NIB Pocket Dragon Really I`ve Grown Brand New In the Box Torino 12 Light Three Tier Chandelier Forged Bronze Great Lot of 34 Vintage Ladies Handkerchiefs Variety Concession Decal SUN TEA 36 W X 18 H Concession Decal SUN TEA 48 W X 24 H Hair No More Hair Vanishing CremeSprayGel Pocket Dragon Visit Our Website with cute spider NIB Hokku Designs Taboret Barrel Table Stool in Vanilla Elysburg Three Light Mini Chandelier in Aged Bronze NEW NIB American Girl Mollys China Tea Set Retired KONTAX KS80 SOLAR Low Temperature Stirling Engine kit Breville Ikon Electric Kettle 17 Quarts SK500XLR Breville Variable Temperature Kettle BKE820XL Breville Kettle Variable Temperature BKE820XL Breville Ikon Electric Kettle 17 Quarts SK500XL Mikasa Garden Harvest 5 Piece Place Setting Quartz Cluster Candle Holder Chinese Dragon China Set TEA POT CREAMER SUGAR BOWL The Verve Story 1944 1994 4 CD Box] Fitzgerald Basie Pfaltzgraff Tea Rose 64 Piece Dinnerware Set NEW Galaxy Angel Complete DVD Box Set Concession Magnet ICE TEA V1 36 W X 18 H Concession Magnet ICE TEA V2 36 W X 18 H Old Blue and Brown 11 Piece German Canister Set LARGE ANTIQUE HEAVY COPPER DUTCH MADE COPPER TEAPOT AMERICANA Old Lithographs Published in 50s 2 vintage GERMAN childrens plates tea set girls dolls Mottahedwh China Birds Tea Coffee Cups Cream Sugar 4 Ltr 33oz Mango xan Mangosteen Juice1oz Monavie Juice Max Complexion Correction Pads by Peter Thomas Roth 60p Ancient Secrets Salt Lamp Medium Tea Lights 3 5 lbs Ancient Secrets Salt Lamp Pyramid Tea Lights 7 9 lbs Ancient Secrets Salt Lamp Large Tea Lights 6 8 lbs ONEIDA USA SILVERPLATE TEA AND COFEE SET WITH BIG TRAY Cotswald Cottage tea set Shafford 1980 3 PIECES Felicity An American Girl Set of Six Books Ameri AntiqueVintage Signed Iridescent Blue Hagi Cups Set 6 FRANZ FINE PORCELAIN Amphibia SITTING FROG FREE S NIB Antique Victorian Rose Cut DIAMOND earrings 18K Gold Fairfax 5 Piece Place Set with Cream Soup Spoon

A story on Chinese yixing teapot--A REAL TEA POTPOURRI; COLLECTABLES

IAN BERSTEN is a man obsessed. His particular passion is tea. He says he drinks more than half a litre a day. The scope of his passion is on show for all to see at an exhibition at Elizabeth Bay House, entitled Taking Tea.
Bersten believes he has one of the most comprehensive and eccentric collections of teapots and teataking para-phernalia in the world.
The difference between his collection and other serious collections of tea things is that Bersten is not necessarily obsessed with quality, aesthetics and refinement. "You've got to recognise my historical interest. I am really interested in technological evolution of the teapot," he says.
Charting this evolution has led him to buy some weird and wonderful teapots that other collectors, who may avidly acquire, say, a William IV London silver inverted baluster shape with a scalloped pedestal foot, or a Meissen painted porcelain teapot, would not touch with a mote spoon.
One of the gems that Bersten owns is an Australian shearers' teapot crudely but sturdily constructed out of galva-nised iron. This hard-working, practical pot stands about 37.5 centimetres high. Inside is a long cylinder, punctured with holes the size of a roofing nail, to contain the leaves. He bought it three years ago at the Antiques Fair at the Sydney Showground.
At the other end of the spectrum is a rare 19th-century Chinese teapot in the shape of two small barrels separated by a vertical perforated wall. This style of pot was developed in the Hsi Shing province of China.
The one which Bersten has on display is made from a fine, chocolate brown ceramic with a matt finish. He is proud to say that he owns three such pots -the tea museum in Hong Kong does not even have one.
The paradox of his collection is that while he has assiduously sought out eccentric teapots in an attempt to cata-logue tea-making innovations, the more teapots change the more they remain the same.
This, he explains, is because tea making is an essentially simple process. "The fundamental premise is that you put your tea leaves in a pot and pour boiling water over them," he says.
"And because it is basically as satisfactory today as it was in the 18th century, I could take any of these pots on dis-play and show them to a tea drinker in London in 1705 and he would be able to identify it as a teapot. There has been no major innovation that has stuck."
To demonstrate the consistency of the principle, he crooks his little finger under the handle of a pot and dangles it aloft. "You notice that when I hold it like this the teapot falls to the vertical, with the spout side down?The reason for that is that the leaves sink to the bottom and when you pour the tea, the pot is designed to let the leaves slide off the bottom of the pot so the water still flows over them and picks up the flavour."
This fundamental design hasn't stopped makers tinkering with refinements and trying innovations, not to mention using all sorts of different materials, from the finest porcelain to pewter alloys (commonly called Britannia metal)to glass.
The slight modifications and the embellishments are the heart of Bersten's collection. For instance, there is the Cadogan teapot, named after Lord Cadogan, which is actually filled from the bottom and has a tube that delivers the brewed tea to the spout when the pot is turned the right way up.
Bersten shows me another variation on the theme designed by David Lindo, who discovered in 1881 that tea sank and reasoned that the strainer ought to be located at the bottom of the pot. His resultant design looks decidedly odd to modern eyes accustomed to seeing the strainer at the base of the spout.
When I ask why Lindo's innovation didn't catch on, Bersten says it just didn't give the design an edge in the market place. But it did inspire another commercial development.
"If you can bring the novelty to the table so that everyone can see it, then you can sell it," he says.
The novelty built onto Lindo's design shows up in Royle's Patent Self Pourer of 1886. This pot has a pump built into its lid so that instead of pouring the tea, you pump it out. The Royle did actually sell in large numbers.
Another gem is the SYP, or Simple Yet Perfect, teapot which also has an aristocratic connection. It was developed by the Earl of Dundonald. In the SYP, the tea is brewed with the pot on its back. You put the tea in a compartment, pour in the water, put on a lid which seals the section, and let it brew. When you are ready to pour the tea, you turn it on to its base, trapping the tea leaves in the top.
Bersten hasn't paid out fortunes for his pots but he has been prepared to travel widely in pursuit of the unique. When he is in Europe, his weekend flea-market itinerary can cover Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany and France.
He says he can't drive through a country town and not stop to browse through the antique and secondhand shops. Now that's an obsession.

About the Author

Offers handmade yixing teapots,also called zisha teapot, is known as the best in Chinese teapots or China teapots, and accessories from Yixing,China.

Related posts

• Fight Big
• Scroll Wild
• Kitchen Tansu
• Vase Flowers
• Scroll Pigeon

Why IS A raven like a writing desk? This riddle has been posed in a number of places and I would like to finally know the answer! This question wasn't meant to have an answer. It's one of those questions where the answer reflects on the individual answering it, kinda like an inkblot, but with words.

Winsome Wood Writing Desk, Honey List Price: $194.99 Sale Price: $115.35 You save: $79.64 (41%) Average Rating: Liso Writing Desk w/Drawer List Price: $225.00 Sale Price: $176.14 You save: $48.86 (22%) Average Rating: Cherry Finish Secretary Writing Desk & Chair Sale Price: $137.76 Average Rating: Writing Desk with Drawer Sale Price: $199.99 Southern Enterprises Braxton Desk List Price: $149.99 Sale Price: $145.00 You save: $4.99 (3%) Average Rating: 2 PCS Writing Desk and Chair Set List Price: $399.99 Sale Price: $279.99 You save: $120.00 (30%) SEI 2-Drawer Wood Writing Desk, Crisp White List Price: $299.99 Sale Price: $199.99 You save: $100.00 (33%) Average Rating: Yu Shan Co. Mission Laptop/Writing Desk and Hutch - Dark Walnut Plantation Cherry Writing Desk Sale Price: $369.00 « Previous12345Next »

Set Of 4 Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaques (Japanese Samurai) LG Sale Price: $80.00 Average Rating: Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $29.70 You save: $15.30 (34%) Average Rating: Vinyl Wall Art Decal Sticker Floral Ornaments Flower LARGE Design #310 Sale Price: $34.95 Average Rating: History of Japanese Art List Price: $136.00 Sale Price: $119.95 You save: $16.05 (12%) Average Rating: Board Designs VAD-4 Vintage Japanese Art Chalkboard, Red Poppies Design Sale Price: $24.95 Japanese Lantern Art Poster Print by Steven N. Meyers, 42x42 Sale Price: $77.99 Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) List Price: $65.00 Sale Price: $40.95 You save: $24.05 (37%) Average Rating: Asian Oriental Lacquered Painting Wall Art Plaque (Japanese Geishaes) Sale Price: $33.00 Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing List Price: $48.00 Sale Price: $31.68 You save: $16.32 (34%) Average Rating: Simple Elegant Colorful Beautiful Gift Idea for Her - 18" Hand Painted Japanese Geisha Art Figurine Statue in Wedding Kimono List Price: $119.99 Sale Price: $59.00 You save: $60.99 (51%) « Previous12345Next »

Ultimate Vintage Fountain Pens Collector Guide 1800s Up HP Pavilion Slimline S3700F Desktop PC used barely New Motion Detection Spy Pen Camera Recorder DVR USA WRITING LAP DESK SLOPES ROSEWOOD 19TH CENTURY LOT OF 2 TABLEMATE II AS SEEN ON TV TABLE MATE TV TRAY Cherry Writing Table Desk ADJUSTABLE COMPUTER LAPTOP TABLE DESK BED TRAY W DRAWER NEW ROLLING HOSPITAL OVERBED TABLE LAPTOP FOOD TV TRAY Antique American Wood WRITING BOX Slope Desk Lap 1860 Pen of the Year 2008 Graf von Faber Castell Collection Notebook Cooling Pad Laptop Cooler Stand Cooling Fans ANTIQUE STYLE NOTCH PINE DESK DAZZLING ITALIAN LA PASANA SOLID WOOD SIDE TABLE 4AVA Spy Pen Pinhole Video Camera Hand Painted French Country Writing DESK Vanity Table Good Hope Leather Attache Case w desk Laptop Briefcase Visconti Limited Edition Ragtime 20th Anniversary Set Brandt Ranch Oak Writing Desk Bills Handmade Majestic JR Spalted Oak Root Burl Pen Madison Study Set MAHOGANY GOV WINTHROP SLANT FRONT SECRETARY DESK NR Manhattan Contemporary 2 drawer File Cabinet Manhattan Contemporary Writing Desk 1 1 DVD CD ±R±RW Fast EASY Disc Copy Burner Duplicator OFFICE WRITING DESK BLACK URBAN STYLE SIMPLE DRAWERS Satin Black 2 Drawer Writing Desk HO8801 Antique Mahogany Spinet Writing Desk Classic Pecan Writing Desk HO8804 1940s ANTIQUE CHIPPENDALE MAHOGANY BUFFET CREDENZA DESK Mission Solid Oak Writing Desk Gray Receiving and Shop Desk with Locking Door Laptop Cooling Pad Laptop Fans Cooler USB Fan Lapdesk ME25 MERLOT FINISH SOLID WOOD LAPTOP DESK WITH HUTCH BUREAU DESK SECRETARY BOOKCASE MAHOGANY DANISH STYLE QuickBooks Pro 2009 2008 Tutorial Training 10 hrs 2 DVD Designer Silk TREE PLANT LOT 3 Yucca Palm Flower Cactus Studio Writing Desk with Hutch Honey Newport Country Style Home Office Black Desk Excellence in Business Communication 8E by Bovee SILK CACTUS TREE LOT 4 SUCCULENT PLANT CACTI BUSH Excellence In Business Communication 6th Edition Microsoft EXCEL 2007 Tutorial Training 14 hrs 2 DVDs 13341 KITTINGER Colonial Williamsburg Mahogany Desk Disney TDL FAB 5 Rectangle Series Pin Set Retired complete poems notebook GREGORY CORSO Rome Italy 1986 Laptop Microstation Mobile Laptop Desk Oak 347067 French Ladies Desk Napoleon Josephine Portraits

The Disappearing Act of Writing a Letter

I take out a sheet of paper and smooth its curled edges with my hands as I lay it on my writing desk. The paper is not white, rather more of a beige or splash-of-cream color, really. It contains no lines, just the minimal echo of the tree it once was part of. I take a whiff and it smells of ink and pencil and the perfume I'd dripped on the desk a bit earlier. There are no spots on the page fortunately, yet the scent is of lemon and salt and the sea. My favorite fountain pen, an old Waterman, the color of malachite, given to me years earlier still feels able-bodied and ready in my hand. I think a moment and then put pen to paper.

Truth is the sheer act of writing a letter in just this way to a person, placing it in an envelope, licking a stamp to it and mailing it, sadly, appears to be a dying art. And partly why I chose to write Letters Between Us as an epistolary novel, to recapture that art, just a little.

Now we have email, blogs, Skype, Webcams, instant messaging, and texting - so much faster, quicker, and more efficient. There is something to be said, however, about the act of holding a pen in your hand and writing to friend or family member, even if only to share a brief hello, a thoughtful remembrance, a declaration of love, or something more. It is embedded with the careful process of cogitative thought, let alone leaves a palpable imprint of the writer's energy. One day it might even be a treasure to be discovered amongst the long forgotten possessions of another. In addition, writing a letter in such a way brings to light a voice distinctively different from other genres of writing. Imperfect, unedited it is a reflection of the times in the raw.

What would we have done without the letters exchanged between loved ones during war time: the Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, for example? From such letters we have the voices of a private history from long dead family members and/or friends in their own hand-writing importing a tone that we may never have actually heard them speak during their life time.

This happened after my mother-in-law died. We found love letters written to her on V-Mail (or Victory mail, which was the microfilming of specially designed letter sheets. So as not to waste cargo ship space with large bulks of shipped mail overseas, microfilmed copies were sent instead and then enlarge" at an overseas destination before being delivered to military personnel). My husband's mother, Martha, was affectionately addressed as "Toni" by her husband away fighting in the Pacific theatre during World War II. No one in the family understood why Marvyn Overman called Martha Overman - Toni? But there it was in the salutation in a facsimile of a letter-sheet reproduced to about one-quarter the original size: Dear Toni, My beautiful Toni, Beloved Toni. Toni. Toni - she will always be Martha to me - was back home in Hollywood, California raising her toddler son: my husband.

This little bit of information called to mind a young couple, they were 25 at the time, deeply in love and suffering from separation. The loving voice of this couple is one I never heard either of them use in the decades that I spent in their presence. Basically, they communicated by fighting, yelling and forgiving and then doing it all over again. Family dinners at their home were usually: eat fast, hold our breaths, talk a little, and hope Marvyn and Martha didn't do their Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf routine on that particular night. Once they began, all we could do was wait for a break in the action, and cut and run. And yet, they once talked of love and nicknames no doubt written and whispered to one another in days gone by. To this day neither my husband, nor his two brothers know the origin of this pet name for their mother.

Being separated by war is nothing new to this generation of 18-34 year olds. Computers and their full complement of audio/video software enable close circuit communication over many miles and multiple time zones. Families separated by the current wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere can talk to and see each other as if they were sitting in the same room. These conversations over thousands of miles have meaning and impact, don't get me wrong. But as far as leaving a written record as the letter I am completing to my unborn great grandchild (who exists only in my imagination and that of her potential parents: my son or my daughter) I can't help but wonder if she or he will prefer to benefit more from this piece of myself on paper, which wears my perfume and is embossed with traces of my own hand writing - or from popping in a portable drive that shows me moving and talking. There's no perfume in that.

About the Author

Linda Rader Overman is a Professor of English at California State University, Northridge. Her work encompasses fiction, and nonfiction consisting of multifaceted elements including photographs, narrative portraits, images, texts, personal and social history, poetry, letters, and diaries. Her epistolary novel Letters Between Us is published by Plain View Press. To learn more about her, and to receive her newsletter, visit
Linda Overman
.

Related posts

• Pheasant Pine
• Japanese Paintings
• Fish Watercolor
• Scroll Portrait
• Fan Design